Statistical verifi cation of the “extraordinary” evidence of “acceleration of the expansion of the Universe” due to the “cosmic push” at the redshift interval z=0,46+0,13  and at z=0,763  based on data on supernovae of type SN Ia, for which photometric distances were determined, was carried out. The transition from “deceleration” to “acceleration” is considered as a “breakdown” – a change in the structure and parameters of the model of the cosmological distance scale. It is shown that data from diff erent sources do not form a compositionally homogeneous set. The scale model's “misalignment” (discord) was revealed for z=0,44…0,48  from a sample of 10 SN Ia obtained in the interval z=0,30…0,97  by the High-Z Supernovae Search Team, and for z=0,763…0,828 from a sample of 42 SN Ia obtained in the interval by z=0,172…0,83 the Supernovae Cosmology Project group. The reason for these “discrepancies” may be an unbalanced and random distribution of SN Ia over the observed range of redshifts with a clearly expressed non-metric character of the scale

An original technique has been justified for the fast bandwidths selection of kernel functions in a nonparametric estimate of the multidimensional probability density of the Rosenblatt–Parzen type. The proposed method makes it possible to significantly increase the computational efficiency of the optimization procedure for kernel probability density estimates in the conditions of large-volume statistical data in comparison with traditional approaches. The basis of the proposed approach is the analysis of the optimal parameter formula for the bandwidths of a multidimensional kernel probability density estimate. Dependencies between the nonlinear functional on the probability density and its derivatives up to the second order inclusive of the antikurtosis coefficients of random variables are found. The bandwidths for each random variable are represented as the product of an undefined parameter and their mean square deviation. The influence of the error in restoring the established functional dependencies on the approximation properties of the kernel probability density estimation is determined. The obtained results are implemented as a method of synthesis and analysis of a fast bandwidths selection of the kernel estimation of the two-dimensional probability density of independent random variables. This method uses data on the quantitative characteristics of a family of lognormal distribution laws.

The proposed article is devoted to the application of the Bayesian approach to the construction of statistical estimates of the parameters of the laws of distribution of random variables. Four distribution laws are considered: the Poisson law, the exponential law, the uniform law, and the Pareto law are presented. The results of constructing point estimates and interval estimates for the parameters of these laws. The results of comparison with the corresponding statistical estimates constructed by the classical maximum likelihood method are presented too. The proposed algorithm can be effectively applied in the development of measurement methods, in solving measurement problems, in the development of practical methods for identifying systematic measurement errors.

The problems of operation of measuring systems and changes in their parameters due the influence of various kinds of destabilizing factors, including time, are considered, and the primary elements of the measuring path – sensors and converting equipment – are most susceptible to such an influence. The deviation of the values of the parameters of the measurers from the nominal values leads to significant errors in the assessment of the unknown input signal, which necessitates the current (during operation) identification of the measurer. The problem of the current identification of the measurer parameters under unknown input influences is solved. The identification procedure is carried out by introducing an additional channel for transforming the measured value in the spatial domain. In this case, the transformation of the measured value in the additional channel of the structurally redundant measurer has the form of a preliminary functional (nonlinear) transformation of the m-th power over the input signal. The solution to the current identification problem is considered for the linear static characteristic of the main channel of the measuring transducer. An additional equation in solving the problem of current identification and conducting metrological self-control in an intelligent sensor is presented in the form of a regression relationship between the output signals of the additional and main channels of the structurally redundant measurer. The unknown parameters of the regression equation are determined from the results of processing the time samples of the output signals of the additional and main channels using the least squares method. The dependences of the rms measurement error of the input quantity on the rms value of the measurement noise in the output signals of the structurally redundant measurer, the dynamics of the input signal change and the power of nonlinearity m of the preliminary functional transformation in the additional measuring channel are presented. In the course of research, it was revealed that the shape and spectrum of the input signal do not significantly affect the measurement accuracy. It is shown that the highest measurement accuracy is provided by the preliminary quadratic conversion of the input signal in the additional channel of the minimum-redundant sensor. The research results can be used for metrological selfcontrol in smart sensors or smart measuring systems.

An improved monochromatic radiant source with spectral bandwidth of 4 nm based on supercontinuum laser and a double monochromator was included in absolute cryogenic radiometer-based facility to improve the accuracy of spectral responsivity measurement in the range 0.9–1.6 μm. The developed feedback system ensures stabilization of monochromatic radiant power with standard deviation up to 0.025 %. Radiant power that proceeds detector under test or absolute cryogenic radiometer varies from 0.1 to 1.5 mW in dependence of wavelength. The spectral power distribution of its monochromatic source for various operating mode is presented.

The use of microelectromechanical acceleration transducers is actual in control and navigation systems of aircraft. A microelectromechanical acceleration transducer with an optical reading unit based on a two-channel Fabry-Perot interferometer is considered. Proposed to analyze fractional part of the interference pattern’s fringe to improve the accuracy of the transducer. Changes in the output signal of the optical reading unit under the action of linear accelerations at various parameters of the beamtype sensitive element and change in the interferometer’s transmission at different reflectivity of the mirrors are investigated. The conditions for switching between two channels for bypassing zones with low sensitivity are determined according to the dependences of the interferometer transmission on displacement. A method for processing optical signals has been developed, which forms the output value by concatenating rough measurement results and the calculated accurate component. The proposed processing method makes it possible to increase the accuracy of the acceleration measurements without changing the conversion range.

The article presents the calibration problem of a navigation signals simulator while ensuring the measurements uniformity of coordinate and time measuring instruments. The method of determining the carrier frequency cycle fractional part in the simulator RF circuit output and standart deviation estimate of the pseudorange generation error by the simulator on the carrier phase with using of an oscilloscope is presented. The method essence is to determine the phase difference between two signals: the simulator absolute calibration with a single RF output – the phase difference between the navigation signal generated by the simulator and the reference harmonic signal; the simulator relative calibration with two or more RF outputs – the phase difference between the navigation signals generated by the simulator from different RF outputs. The applying of the simulator absolute calibration by the carrier frequency phase to solve the receiver calibration problem by the carrier frequency phase is shown, which will significantly simplify the implementation of the promising Integer-PPP technology. Presented the use of the simulator relative calibration to determine the accuracy characteristics of angular receiver in its development and testing.

Filtering and absorbing products in the form of a plate and working under conditions of convective blowing with cleared air residual life indicator uncertainties of measurement analysis is carried out. It is shown that for 0.8 mm thick KO2-based sorbent plates at a relative humidity of 60…90 % and a CO2 concentration of 1…4 %, the main factor of the uncertainty of indirect measurement of the residual life indicator is the Biot parameter characterizing the conditions of heat transfer from the plate surface. It has been experimentally proven that for Biot parameter in the range of 0–0.08, this factor contributes up to 30 % in the total uncertainty.

The division of the total core losses in the electrical steel of the magnetic circuit into two components – losses dueto hysteresis and eddy currents – is a serious technical problem, the solution of which will effectively design and construct electrical machines with magnetic circuits having low magnetic losses. In this regard, an important parameter is the exponent α, with which the frequency of magnetization reversal is included in the total losses in steel. Theoretically, this indicator can take values from 1 to 2. Most authors take α equal to 1.3, which corresponds to the special case when the eddy current losses are three times higher than the hysteresis losses. In fact, for modern electrical steels, the opposite is true. To refine the index α, an attempt was made to separate the total core losses on the basis that the hysteresis component is proportional to the first degree of the magnetization reversal frequency, and the eddy current component is proportional to the second degree. In the article, the calculation formulas of these components are obtained, containing the values of the total losses measured in idling experiments at two different frequencies, and the ratio of these frequencies. It is shown that the rational frequency ratio is within 1.2. Presented the graphs and expressions to determine the exponent α depending on the measured no-load losses and the frequency of magnetization reversal.

The solution of the problem of increasing the confidence and efficiency of quality control of semiconductor devices is considered. The analysis of conditions for measuring the power spectral density of low – frequency noise of semiconductor devices with a spectrum of the form G(f)~f^-γ (γ – the spectrum shape indicator) under mass quality control is presented. The error in measuring the power spectral density under the specified measurement conditions strongly depends on the value of the spectrum shape indicator. Adaptive algorithms for measuring low-frequency noise parameters are proposed for cases of a given limit error in measuring the power spectral density and a given time for a single measurement. The proposed algorithms include a preliminary estimation of the value of the spectrum shape indicator and subsequent measurement of the noise power spectral density at the optimal filter bandwidth. The optimal filter bandwidth is determined based on the results of a preliminary assessment of the spectrum shape indicator. For both cases, we obtained estimates of the gain in the sense of the average for the set (ensemble) of controlled products. The possibility of adaptive or cognitive adjustment of the measurement system parameters in the control process based on the results of evaluating sample averages in the training sample is discussed.

This paper is devoted to the presence of distortions in a speech signal transmitted over a communication channel to a biometric system during voice-based remote identification. We propose to preliminary correct the frequency spectrum of the received signal based on the pre-distortion principle. Taking into account a priori uncertainty, a new information indicator of speech signal distortions and a method for measuring it in conditions of small samples of observations are proposed. An example of fast practical implementation of the method based on a parametric spectral analysis algorithm is considered. Experimental results of our approach are provided for three different versions of communication channel. It is shown that the usage of the proposed method makes it possible to transform the initially distorted speech signal into compliance on the registered voice template by using acceptable information discrimination criterion. It is demonstrated that our approach may be used in existing biometric systems and technologies of speaker identification.