In information and measuring technology, there are a large number of tasks when some physical variable, the values of which must be determined, are inaccessible to measurements, but its value can be determined knowing the functional (or operator) of another physical variable available to measurements. This range of tasks includes measuring transformers, the dynamics of which is modeled by ordinary differential equations. The direct application of these models for the reconstruction of input signals has not received proper development due to the need to calculate the derivatives (possibly high orders) of signals noisy with interference. In this paper, we propose a method for recovering the input signals of measuring transformers, in which the signal of interest to the observer is associated with the measured signal by the differentiation operator. For the numerical calculation of derivatives, the apparatus of hypersingular integrals is used. Approximate methods for calculating derivatives, expressed by quadrature formulas for hypersingular integrals, are presented. The method for recovering input signals is tested for one accelerometer model. The high efficiency of the proposed method has been demonstrated.

The problem of the current identification of a linear dynamic measuring system with an unknown input signal under the influence of various destabilizing factors on the parameters of the system is considered. During identification, an additional channel is introduced for transforming the measured quantity in the spatial domain, the operator of which satisfies the condition of non-commutativity with the operator of the system under study. The solution to the problem of current identification is given for the linear dynamic characteristics of the main channel of the first-order measuring system. The method of modulating functions was used to exclude incorrect operations f differentiating the output signals of the structurally redundant measuring system in the process of current identification. Dependencies of the root mean square deviation of the given error of the input value estimation due the number of measurements at identification for different levels of the root mean square deviation of the measurement noise reduced to the input signal scale, as well as on the sampling frequency of the output signals of the structurally redundant measuring system with which the observation sample is formed during digital processing of the system output signal values in the computing device are presented. It is shown that the greatest identification accuracy is achieved with a quadratic transformation of the input signal in an additional channel of a structurally redundant measuring system, and the choice of a not too high sampling frequency of its output signals increases the stability of the identification algorithm. In this case, the dependence of the root mean square deviation of the reduced error in estimating the input value on the sampling frequency of the output signals of the structurally redundant measuring system has a minimum. The research results can be used to improve the accuracy of measuring systems in a dynamic measurement mode, as well as for metrological self-control of intelligent measuring systems.

The results of the assessment of the resources required to manage the capabilities of the calibration laboratory are presented. The research was conducted at the D. I. Mendeleev All-Russian Institute for Metrology. The interrelation of risk assessment methods in the activities of the calibration laboratory with the problem of capacity management is noted. Risk identification methods are part of building capacity to achieve the goals and objectives of the laboratory. Capacity management involves the application of new approaches to the allocation of laboratory resources. Approaches based on the Pareto distribution and the use of logistic curves are considered. The prospects of using hyperbolic distributions in the management of resources necessary for the implementation of innovations are noted. It is advisable to perform risk and innovation management taking into account the characteristic indicators of hyperbolic distributions. The consideration of characteristic indicators is aimed at optimizing the combination of frequently performed and unique works. It is shown that the new approach allows for the necessary selection of solutions to manage the capabilities and ensure the sustainable development of calibration laboratories. The method is applicable when performing work on the improvement of secondary standards and working standards of higher grades.

The problem of optimization of nonparametric estimates of probability densities is studied, the relevance of which is due to a decrease in the efficiency of nonparametric algorithms for information processing with an increase in the volume of statistical data. A method for optimizing the kernel probability density estimation of a two-dimensional random variable with independent components is considered. The possibility of using optimal bandwidths of kernel probability densities estimates of one-dimensional random variables in the synthesis of a nonparametric two-dimensional probability density of a random variable with independent components is substantiated. The proposed approach is based on the results of a study of the asymptotic properties of a nonparametric Rosenblatt-Parson probability density estimation. For a two-dimensional random variable, it is shown that the main contribution to the asymptotic expression of the mean square deviation is provided by the corresponding criteria for one-dimensional random variables. Therefore, it becomes possible to use the bandwidths that minimize the mean square deviations of one-dimensional random variables when estimating a two-dimensional probability density. The obtained conclusions are confirmed by the results of computational experiments in the analysis of normal distribution laws. The possibility of developing the proposed methodology is shown when optimizing nonparametric estimates of the probability densities of multidimensional random variables with independent components.

The problems of increasing the maneuverability and speed of a mechatronic profiler, as well as expanding the range of measurement of profiles of various surfaces, are considered. To solve these problems, a method of measuring the surface profile by a mechatronic profiler with parallel control of sensor drives along a given trajectory is proposed. The control system of a mechatronic profiler with distributed control of actuators is described, which effectively implements the program movements of the executive body (laser sensor) of the profiler. The use of this control system makes it possible to increase the accuracy, sensitivity, speed and reliability of the mechatronic profiler during operation, as well as to reduce the measurement and calibration time while significantly improving the accuracy of measurement results. An information and measuring system of a mechatronic profiler has been developed. Software for controlling the electric drives of a mechatronic profiler is proposed. The metrological characteristics of the mechatronic profiler were established and confirmed during verification: the measuring range of the distance from the sensor to the surface is 100–500 mm; the limits of the permissible absolute measurement error ±0.05 % of the range; the measuring range along the circumference is 0–360°; the limits of the permissible error of the angular encoder ±30″. Graphically, the results of measuring the profile of the surface of a corrugated sheet with a deflection in the cross section downwards in polar coordinates are presented and a deflection (13.8 ± 0.05) mm is found. The results of the research will be useful for various sectors of the national economy – mechanical engineering, agriculture, construction, etc.

The article is devoted to the problem of determining the metrological characteristics of technical vision systems used in the design of control and measuring robots to determine the geometric parameters of large-sized shells of revolution. The article considers the measurement scheme, identifies methodological and instrumental errors, obtains their analytical dependences on the parameters of the system, and identifies ways to minimize these errors. Based on the obtained dependencies, a metrological analysis was carried out for a real prototype of the system, which proved the applicability of the selected system structure. Moreover, the error of which is less than 0.3 %, which meets the requirements of regulatory documents.

The problem of increasing the accuracy of determining the mass and center of gravity of vehicles in order to reduce accidents and improve safety during transportation is considered. A comparative analysis of various systems and methods for determining the mass and center of gravity of vehicles is carried out. It is shown that it is preferable to use non-contact methods and instruments for measuring mass. The technique of contactless determination of the vehicle mass by the vertical movement of its body is presented. A simulation model of the system for contactless determination and remote control of the mass and center of gravity of vehicles has been developed. On the example of aircraft, the possibilities of modeling this system using various interpolation methods are considered. For Airbus aircrafts in the MathCad program experiments were carried out using linear interpolation, fitting methods, least squares and Lagrange polynomials. The principles of constructing a system for contactless determination of the mass and center of gravity of vehicles are proposed. The choice of methods and means of measuring the airplanes fuselage vertical displacement for the implementation of such a system has been substantiated. The research results provide the possibility and perspective of building a system for non-contact remote control of the mass and center of gravity of airplanes, as well as other types of aircraft.

Methods for improving the quality of transmission reference frequency and time signals for a new fiber-optic modem with phase instability compensation are presented. Algorithms for transmitting a pulse signal of time 1PPS with a synchronization error of no more than 200 ps are considered. The results of measurements of the Allan deviation during the transmission of a reference signal with a frequency of 100 MHz through a two-kilometer fiber-optic line with an additional external temperature effect are presented. In addition, with the help of the developed emulator of a fiber-optic line, the quality of transmission of reference signals for various lengths of optical fiber, up to 100 km, as well as for various external infl uences, was evaluated. The purpose of this work is to develop a fully functional device for transmitting and receiving reference frequency and time signals over a fiber-optic communication line up to 100 km long, which will have instability characteristics of the order of 1–3·10−17 in the daily measurement interval.

Results of theoretical and experimental studies of the magnetic characteristics of the electromagnetic system of the prototype Kibble balance is presented. On the basis of the prototype, technical solutions that can be applied in the development of the primary kilogram standard based on the fundamental physical constants are considered. The finite element method was used to design the geometric shapes and dimensions of the system elements in order to obtain a constant value of the conversion coefficient BL. The electromagnetic system was designed and manufactured. On the basis of the State primary standard unit of magnetic losses, magnetic flax density of the constant magnetic field in the range from 0.1 to 2.5 T and magnetic flux in the range from 1∙10–5 to 3∙10–2 Wb GET 198-2017 the installation designed for measuring the topology of the magnetic field in the magnetic system gap was developed. Experimental studies of magnetic flux density distribution in the air gap of the electromagnetic system and outside of it were carried out. The force characteristics of the electromagnetic system were determined. The influence of electric current flowing through the coil in the weighing mode on the change of coil flux linkage was determined. The position of the coil in the weighing mode in which the coefficient of conversion of the magnetic system does not depend on the strength of the electric current in the coil is determined.

The possibility of increasing the sensitivity of measurement transducer of the high frequency external electric field is analyzed. The increasing is possible by using the ring waveguides with two vertical and horizontal slots filled with electro-optic polymer. The structure of the measurement transducer is considered. In waveguides with two slots the intensity of propagating optical radiation in the slot region is higher than in single slot waveguides. The values of optimal slot width and separation are determined, which make it possible to achieve the maximal transducer sensitivity. The measurement transducer allows measuring the alternating electric fields with the frequency from 0 to 10 GHz in the range from 150 to 16·10⁶ V/m with the resolution up to 150 V/m due to using the active organic polymer SEO125 and double slot waveguide. The measurement transducer can be applied for detecting the high-frequency waves electromagnetic pulses, analyses of external electromagnetic interference and diagnosis of high-frequency electronic circuits.

The article is devoted to the research of a comprehensive technique for digital filtering of the pulse wave signal in the presence of various physiological artifacts, such as baseline wander and motion artifacts. The proposed method of wavelet filtering of a pulse wave signal from physiological artifacts based on discrete decomposition into orthogonal wavelets includes sequential procedures for digital processing: multiscale wavelet transform; modification of detail coefficients of wavelet decomposition based on thresholding; reconstruction of the pulse wave signal based on the original approximation coefficients and modified detail coeffi cients using the inverse wavelet transform. A comparative analysis of the proposed methodology with existing approaches to filtering pulse waves, such as moving average filtering, median filtering, bandpass frequency filtering, was carried out. To obtain quantitative characteristics for evaluating the filtering efficiency, we used simulation of a pulse wave with the presence of interference and noise of various intensity and nature of occurrence. The studies carried out in this work have shown that multiscale wavelet transformations of the pulse wave signal provide the least distortions when filtering motion artifacts in comparison with classical approaches based on temporal or spectral transformations, while the advantages of multiscale wavelet analysis are most noticeable in conditions of increased noise.