The 1st class Working Standard for units of wavelength in the range from 1.25 to 20.0 μm and wavenumber in the range from 500 to 8000 cm^–1 developed in VNIIOFI based on Fourier-Transform Infrared Spectrometer is presented. Dissemination of wavelength and wavenumber units to the 1st class Working Standard is carrying out from FTIR-spectrometer measurements of two peaks of lasers from the State primary special standard of units of signal propagation length and duration in the optical fiber of the average power, attenuation and wavelength for optical fiber communication systems and information transmission GET 170-2011. Spectral scale realization by the Working Standard is carrying by interferogram of internal He–Ne-laser during spectral intensity measurements of internal source. Dissemination for units of wavelength in the range from 1.25 to 20.00 μm and wavenumber in the range from 500 to 8000 cm^–1 is provided by corresponding correction factor to measurement results. The developed accuracy chart that set traceability for wavelength and wavenumber measurement instruments to GET 170-2011 is presented.

A brief overview of the history of the origin and development of the cosmological distance scale based on redshift is given. Statistical aspects of the problem of calibration of scales of this type are considered and their analogy with the problems of calibration of measurement tools is shown. The analysis of the first data on the basis of which the “accelerated expansion of the Universe” was detected. The Consequences of Anisotropy for Distance Scale is analyzed.

The situation that has developed in the International System of Units (SI) as a result of adopting the recommendation of the International Committee of Weights and Measures (CIPM) in 1980, which proposed to consider plane and solid angles as dimensionless derived quantities, is analyzed. It is shown that the basis for such a solution was a misunderstanding of the mathematical formula relating the arc length of a circle with its radius and corresponding central angle, as well as of the expansions of trigonometric functions in series. From the analysis presented in the article, it follows that a plane angle does not depend on any of the SI quantities and should be assigned to the base quantities, and its unit, the radian, should be added to the base SI units. A solid angle, in this case, turns out to be a derived quantity of a plane angle. Its unit, the steradian, is a coherent derived unit equal to the square radian.

The phenomenon of jitter is considered for image converter streak cameras used in fast process research. Jitter measurement technique is proposed for image converter streak cameras working in linear sweep mode of the pulsed optical signal in study. The experimental setup implementing this measurement technique is described. This setup is used in VNIIOFI for jitter checking of manufactured image converter streak cameras for compliance with specification or customer requirements.

A simulation of the use of PES-3 liquid in a high-pressure piston-cylinder units was performed, and the parameters of the piston-cylinder units were determined in the article. The equations of the mathematical model describing the pressure change in the gap between the piston and the cylinder are given. As a result of the calculations, the pressure distributions in the gap between the piston and the cylinder are determined at under piston pressures less than 1.6 GPa. The profiles of the gaps between the deformed piston and cylinder at diff erent under piston pressures are calculated. The dependences of the speed of lowering the piston and the effective gap on the under piston pressure at diff erentgaps of the undeformed piston-cylinder unit are obtained. The research results can be used in the design of piston cylinder units operating on PES-3 liquid in the pressure range of 0.01–1.6 GPa.

A thermal method for measuring the component-by-component flow rate of a gas-liquid medium flowing through a channel with evenly distributed thermal energy is considered. Taking some heat energy evenly distributed over the cross-section of the channel, the components, due to their diff erent heat capacity, acquire each its own pulse heat charge. Then, moving along the flow, the components give this information about the charge value to the heat flow sensors, which is used to form the fractions of each component in a numerical block. Each component is able to take a heat charge in proportion to its heat capacity. By the amount of heat absorbed, you can determine the type of component and its quantity. This thermal method does not require the use of complex equipment. To measure the heat capacity with minimal heat flow transmission measurements, the latest gradient-type sensors with a small value of the time constant and high sensitivity are used.

The problem of metrological support of high-voltage pulse generators with subnanosecond rise time, as well as pulse voltage dividers used in power engineering, aviation and rocket-space industries, has been solved. As a result of the modernization of the State primary special standard of transient electric and magnetic field strengths units with a pulse rise time in the range of 0.1–10.0 ns GET 148-2013, a mode of realization a unit of high transient electric voltage with a minimum pulse rise time of 100 ps was implemented. Uncertainties of high transient electric voltage unit realization obtained by numerical simulations using the Monte Carlo method, as well as in accordance with the Guide to the Expression of Uncertainty of Measurement (GUM), are estimated. Also, the error of a unit realization was estimated in accordance with GOST 8.381-2009 “GSI. Standards. Methods to Express Accuracy”.

A computer model and the results of a numerical experiment for a sensitive element on a planar mushroom-shaped metamaterial with cells of the “Maltese cross” type are presented. The proposed electrodynamic structure is shown to be applicable for nondestructive testing of geometric and electrophysical parameters of technological media, as well as searching for inhomogeneities in them. Resonant frequency shift and change of the attenuation coefficient value of the structure serve as informative parameters.

The technique of radiointeroferometric measurements is presented and a theoretical estimate of the measuring error the reflecting surface movement is given. The movement are measured with microwave radio interferometers. The automated complex “Miсron” design and principle of operation are described. The complex is intended for experimental determination of the error in measuring the movement of a reflecting surface, as well as for primary and periodic verification of microwave radio interferometers. The complex “Miсron” includes a measuring instrument of the 3rd accuracy class – an incremental linear displacement transducer LIR-7A, which measures the reflecting surface movement of the test object. For the “Miсron” complex verification of the longitudinal movement measuring line is provided, which makes it possible to verify the LIR-7A transducer without dismantling it. Planeparallel gauge blocks or similar standards can be used as the initial standard for verification. The comparison of the movement measured values determined during verification and obtained by an alternative method providing the required accuracy of radio interferometric measurements is carried out.

The measurement of inner sizes of VHF cavity resonators and simple shapes cavities with conducting walls by using resonant frequency spectrum of its electromagnetic oscillations is considered. The difference between eigenfrequencies and resonant frequencies for resonator with perfect conducting walls and real resonator with impedance walls have been specified. The type of function for resonant amplitude-frequency characteristic of real resonators is discussing. The measurement results of inner diameter and length of cavity resonators from primary national standard GET 110-2012 are presented.