The results of works aimed at increasing the level of uniformity of measurements of the magnetic induction of a constant field – the basic value in the field of magnetic measurements. A set of equipment for reproducing a unit of magnetic induction of a constant field in the range of 1–25 mT was created and described. The inclusion of this complex in the State primary standard of units of magnetic induction, magnetic flux, magnetic moment and magnetic induction gradient GET 12-2011 will ensure the reproduction and direct transmission of the unit of permanent magnetic induction in the ranges of not only weak (10–3–1 mT), but medium (1–25 mT) and strong (0.025–1 T) magnetic fields. A quantum cesium magnetometer based on the resolved structure of cesium atoms was created to transmit the unit of magnetic induction to the region of medium fields. The procedure for calculating the frequency conversion coefficients to magnetic induction of the created quantum cesium magnetometer is described. The uncertainty budget for reproducing a unit of magnetic induction of a constant field using the created complex is estimated.

To increase the efficiency of laser destructuring, data on the waviness of the part associated with the coordinate system of the laser processing machine are required. At present, there are no non-contact profile measurement systems on the market that meet all the requirements that apply to a system for measuring the surface profile of parts and are determined by the parameters of the laser destructuring. The developed measurement system will allow to take waviness measurement directly at the laser processing machine, which will significantly reduce the complexity of the process. A prototype of a system for measuring the surface profile (waviness) has been created inaccordance with the measurement requirements for a laser processing machine. The scheme and principle of operation of the system for measuring the waviness of the installation for laser destructuring are described. In measurements, the triangulation method was used. A prototype allows to measure the profile of the of the surface waviness with a spatial wavelength of 2 mm with an accuracy of 3,78 μm in the vertical direction and 13,8 μm in the lateral direction. The accuracy of the prototype was verified using the standard method of stylus profilometry. The waviness profile obtained with a developed system can be used to modulate the amplitude of the laser radiation power in the laser destructuring.

The problem of measuring the parameters of dust particles in the environment is currently relevant for residents of densely populated cities. Measurements of the size and size distribution function of dust particles are carried out using instruments based on the method of scattering of laser radiation. The analysis of the measurement method based on the spherical particle model and the theory of Mie diffraction is performed. The possibility of erroneous indication of measurement results by widely used portable measuring instruments of dust parameters is shown. To calculate the scattering luminous flux by particles with a size of 2–10 μm in laser radiation, a special program was developed in the Matlab medium. As a result of solving a system of linear non-homogeneous algebraic equations, the particle size distribution function is to be estimated under the condition that the intensity of the scattered laser radiation is measured by at least two fixed scattering angles. For the experimental estimation of this distribution function, four simple photodetectors were used for different fixed scattering angles.

The method and prototype of a device for characterizing of biphoton light sources based on spontaneous parametric downconversion by quantum tomography are described. The prototype is an experimental implementation of a specialized quantum tomograph designed to measure the quantum polarization states of radiation generated by biphoton sources. Specially developed software will determine the statistical characteristics of the measured quantum state, calculate the tomographic and likelihood estimations of the density matrix, calculate the measurement errors of the density matrix elements and evaluate the quality of the quantum state of biphotons.

A program and methodology of the primary (periodic) certification of the two-channel automated system of synthesis of dynamic and static infrared images to control the characteristics of matrix photo reception devices has been developed. The method of appraisal of the most significant characteristics of the system is described: the accuracy of positioning of a three-coordinated scanning device with numerical software control; The size of the linear field in the plane of the image of the objects and background channels; Working spectral range and irradiation range the diameter of the point object and the energy concentration factor in the object scattering spot in the plane of the image of the object's channel. Confirmed by independent irradiance levels change in optical object channel in the range 10^–9–10^–6 W/cm², and the background channel 10^–9–10^–7 W/cm². The minimum size of a dynamic object does not exceed 30 μm, the speed of its displacement reaches 250 μm/s. Three-dimensional precision positioning system provides repeatability for coordinates less than 2 μm range up to 200 mm.

Brookfield viscometers provide measurements viscosity directly in vessels with controlled liquids without transfer into a special measuring vessel. However, information on the degree and nature of the influence of these vessels dimensions on the measurement results is not presented in the literature. To increase the accuracy of viscosity measurements in vessels of arbitrary shape and size we conducted the experimental and theoretical studies of the LVF Brookfield viscometer sensitivity to the influencing quantities: the diameter of the vessel with a liquid, the distance from a spindle to the bottom of the vessel, and the level of immersion of the spindle. According to the technical documentation for Brookfield viscometers, viscosity measurements must be carried out in a Griffin beaker with a diameter of 83 mm and a volume of 600 ml or in a large vessel. The aim of this work is to determine the correction factors necessary for measuring viscosity in vessels whose sizes differ from those recommended. The general characteristic of factors influencing the accuracy of viscosity measurements is given. To determine the dependence of the viscometer readings on the vessel diameter a set of glass vessels with different diameters was used. To determine the dependence of the readings on the distance to the bottom of the vessel the liquid level in it was changed. When performing experiments, the temperature of the liquids was kept constant with an error of not more than 0,1 °C. Based on the known equations for rotational viscometers, expressions for approximating the dependences of the viscometer readings on the diameter of the vessel and the distance between its bottom and the end of the spindle are obtained. Formulas allowing to make corrections to the measurement results during the changing the mentioned influencing quantities are obtained. It was found that the distance from the spindle to the bottom of the vessel with the liquid affects the measurement results only when using the LV1 spindle and the immersion level affects only when using the LV4 spindle. The results of the viscometer calibration using the viscosity standards REV-100, REV-300, REV-1000, Brookfield 12500, Brookfield 100000 are presented. A correction factor of 1,04 for the case of using the LV3 spindle without a guardleg was obtained. The research results presented in the article allow applying a Brookfield viscometer for viscosity measurements in vessels with diameters up to 40, 30, 23, 10 mm for spindles LV1, LV2, LV3, LV4, respectively.

Prototype of quantum standard based on the Josephson effect for synthesis sine wave with low level harmonics and high accuracy was developed at VNIIM, which opens up new possibilities for metrological support in the field of АС voltage. The standard includes cryogenic probe with Josephson chips, delta-sigma modulator, pulse pattern generator, compensation circuit, spectrum analyzer, video control unit and software. The capability of synthesis sine wave with an output voltage up to 130 mV RMS over a wide frequency range from about 1 kHz to 100 kHz is shown. Higher harmonics are suppressed bellow the noise floor up to 100 dBc.

For microwave radiometric remote sensing systems in natural environments, the important issue is calibration, i.e. determination-one correspondence of values of the output signal value of the brightness temperature of the sensed region, the largest of which evaluated physical parameters. Microwave radiometric systems operate under the influence of external interference, for example, background noise – radiothermal radiation of the space surrounding the system, received through the scattering region of the antenna pattern. This article examines the influence of background noise on the external calibration of a microwave radiometric system (based on an external “deterministic” noise source) and analyzes the conditions for performing such calibration in a system with compensation for the influence of background noise. The analysis of the output signal of the microwave radiometric system showed a significant influence of background noise on the parameter determined during calibration of the system – the beginning of the receiver scale, due to a change in the value of the contribution of background noise to the output signal when forming two reference levels during calibration from two angular directions. The possibility of reducing the interference effect of background noise on the results of measurements in a microwave radiometric system with a special two-channel antenna operating on two modes of a circular waveguide, with the formation of an additional compensation signal at the antenna output, is shown. The proposed version of the analytical evaluation of the degree of compensation of the influence of background noise on the output diff erential signal of the system and presents results of its application to numerical analysis of error in external calibration a tri-band microwave radiometric system with compensation of background noise when receiving thermal radiation on the total aperture of the antenna

The research of the possibility of using hybrid frequency synthesizers based on direct digital and direct analog methods of frequency synthesis as heterodynes of modern spectrum analyzers constructed according to the superheterodyne scheme is presented. The main advantages of such synthesizers over traditionally used heterodyne schemes based on direct digital and indirect frequency synthesis methods are shown. The requirements for the heterodynes of the first mixing stages of spectrum analyzers are presented. A block diagram of a wideband heterodyne generating a frequency range from 4000 MHz to 8000 MHz with a step not exceeding 1 Hz is proposed. Formulas for calculating the main frequency ratios in the structure of the heterodyne have been developed. A mathematical model of phase noise power spectral density (PSD) depending on the offset frequency from the carrier is developed. The noise characteristics of the proposed scheme are studied using the model. It is determined that at the output frequency of the heterodyne equal to 4521,4 MHz, the level of phase noise PSD is: minus 90 dBc/Hz at the offset frequency equal to 100 Hz; minus 140 dBc/Hz at the offset frequency equal to 100 kHz. It is shown that the hybrid synthesizer based on direct digital and direct analog synthesis methods has an advantage in the level of phase noise from 5 to 30 dB over the low-noise heterodynes of modern spectrum analyzers at frequencies above 1 kHz from the carrier. Additional advantages of the proposed scheme are a simple architecture, low power consumption and high frequency tuning speed due to the absence of phaselocked loops in the structure of the heterodyne.

The article presents the application of the “one hundred minus amount of impurities” approach in the development of a reference material of ascorbic acid composition using state primary and secondary measurement standards. The method of high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with a detector on a diode array is used for the quantitative content of impurities of similar structure, with the highest content compared to other impurities. Traceability of certified values was provided using the calibration method of the State primary standard of units of mass (molar) fraction and mass (molar) concentration of organic components in liquid and solid substances and materials based on liquid and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry with isotope dilution and gravimetry GET 208-2019. The paper presents the use of the reference material of ascorbic acid composition to test the qualifications of laboratories, satisfactory results of the participants confirmed the applicability of the reference material for various measurement methods

To ensure the uniformity of measurements and ensure metrological traceability of the measurement results in the field of ensuring the uniformity of measurements state regulation, including in the areas of healthcare and pharmaceuticals, reference materials of the composition, properties and structure of substances are needed. Currently, the Federal Information Fund of the Russian Federation has approximately 9000 reference materials, among which only about 30 reference materials are intended for use in pharmaceuticals and medicine. This amount is clearly not enough for full metrological support of these areas. This article describes the main stages and results of research and development of starting pharmaceutical substances reference materials of amphotericin B, natamycin, olivomycin A. The main substances of the created reference materials are identified. Mass fractions of related compounds, residual organic solvents and inorganic impurities (iron cations and heavy metals) were determined. The results of the work were used to confirm the reference materials types of the starting pharmaceutical substances amphotericin B, natamycin, olivomycin A.