The statistical analysis of data on supernovae type SN Ia on which in 1998-1999 the conclusion has been drawn on acceleration of «Universe expansion» is carried out. Essential statistical anisotropy of these data in declination is found out. It is shown, that dependence consideration between red shift of supernovae type SN Ia and photometric distance on these data in the form of isotropic models is not the most plausible hypothesis. The example for construction of anisotropic cosmological distances scale is set.

А comparative analysis of the main key points from the current edition of the "Guide to the Expression of Uncertainty in Measurement» (GUM) and their changes due to the planned revision of the GUM based on the Bayesian approach was done. Some possible and most important from practical usage point of view changes that may affect the measurement uncertainty calculation as a result of development and realization of a new version of GUM are considered.

The application of parametric criteria for checking the homogeneity of variances (Bartlett, Cochran , Fisher, Hartley, Levene, Neyman-Pearson, O'Brien, Link, Newman, Bliss-Cochran-Tukey, Cadwell-Leslie-Brown, Overall-Woodward Z-variance and modified Overall-Woodward Z-variance tests) is considered including a case when the standard assumption of the normality is violated. The results of comparative analysis of tests power are presented. The evaluations of p-value were carried out in the case of unknown distributions of statistics of applied tests.

Hybrid three-stage algorithms of geofields identification which allows to achieve highly qualified indications. The integrable evaluation methods from the Bank of hybrid noise-eliminating algorithms has been applied for the effective solution of hardly-formed and multiextremal tasks of geofields recovery with significant measurement noise. The study of fuzzy regression models turns into a multi-extremal nonconvex optimization problem. An example of a one-extremal problem of finding a fuzzy linear regression model is given.

The properties of wide-band measuring devices constructed on the basis of only linear transducers and having a linear fractional measurement equation are considered. A linear fractional measurement equation that provides no redundancy of error at quantization in the entire measuring range is established. Expression of criterion for the generalized evaluation of a wide- range device by its accuracy and measurement range is obtained. It is applicable for all measuring devices with linear fractional measurement equation (including linear equation) in which the analog-to-digital converter (ADC) with linear scale as quantizer is used. The position of linear fractional measurement equations in the classification of direct measurement methods is specified.

The application of morphological filtering of surface’s 2-D and 3-D roughness for investigation of surface morphology influence on its functional properties was considered. The simple and efficient algorithms for profile and topography envelopes plotting for morphological analysis of surface are proposed. The algorithms can be integrated into software of roughness measuring devices.

Non-destructive active control of subsurface defects has been considered by thermal imaging method. The evaluation of the scaling factor for conversion the values of defects sizes in pixels to the units of length was made. The estimation of the impact of the size and depth of the defect on the heat distribution pattern on the surface has been carried out.

Multi-criteria evaluation of the degree of uniformity of density distribution of laser beam energy, based on the application of the three criteria is proposed. It is shown that such an evaluation has a higher sensitivity to the uneveness distribution.

The principles of positional characteristic linearization of magneto-optical displacement transducer are considered. The results of mathematical modeling of fiber-optic displacement sensor characteristics are shown. The results of experimental investigations of displacement transducers patterns are presented.

Mathematical models of assessing the accuracy of information-measuring system’s functions and of measuring channel under the influence of destabilizing factors are proposed. The complex method of increasing the accuracy of the system, allowing to determine the parameters of thermophysical properties of materials such as thermal conductivity and thermal diffusivity coefficients with acceptable error.

The analysis of test conditions while determining the thermal diffusivity of organic liquids by the laser pulse method was conducted. The numerical solution for problem of the nonstationary temperature pattern of three-layer sample when exposed to the surface of the thermal pulse of high power with small duration was obtained. The limits of the range of possible changes in the value of the heat transfer rate to the heating surface, corresponding to the conditions of reliable determination of the thermal diffusivity of a typical organic liquid - ethanol without changing its phase state were determined. The influence of the liquid lay thickness on error of thermal diffusivity determination is demonstrated.

Heat exchange in the contact area of chromel electrodes of thermocouple with the rail was investigated. The values of the contact spot diameter and the angle of sharpening the electrode in order to reduce measurement errors provided additional thermocouple measuring the initial temperature of the electrodes were obtained.

New method of determining the magnetic susceptibility and the Curie constant with error of no more than 1,0 % for various colloidal solutions in sealed glass volumes (ferrofluid cell) is considered. This measurement accuracy is achieved even when a small thickness of the solution layer. In article is justified that necessary to apply intensive mixing of the solution for exclusion of the change in the Curie constant with increasing temperature.

The results of experimental studies of measurement error of radio brightness temperature of the atmosphere at frequencies of 20,7 GHz and 31,4 GHz in the vicinity of water vapor emission lines by water vapor radiometer are presented. Measurement accuracy brightness temperature have assessed at the place of dislocation water vapor radiometer in Observatory «Zelenchukskaya» by using of wide-aperture low-temperature noise generator PNShI200 - working standard of unit of equivalent noise temperature. By results of measurements performed to evaluate the accuracy of measurement brightness temperature of the atmosphere by water vapor radiometer, the requirements to radio-physical characteristics and to accuracy requirements for unit of noise temperature reproducibility by perspective wide-aperture low-temperature noise generators were formulated.

The method of signal processing of microwave sensors that allowing significantly increase the accuracy of Doppler frequency and related informative parameters is proposed. It makes use of symmetric saw-like frequency modulation with spectral processing of the output signal on the rising and falling phase. Doppler frequency is calculated by cross-correlation function envelope of these spectra, which allows to reduce the error due to from the spectral composition of the Doppler signal.

The experimental pattern of the special-purpose radiometric complex facility equipped with a calorimeter and the investigation results of its metrological characteristics to certify ionizing radiation sources based on⁶⁰Co,¹³⁷Cs,¹⁹²Ir,⁷⁵Se and¹⁵³Gd radionuclides are presented.