А connection between the State metrology and economics is considered. The existence of direct relation between the level of metrology development and the competitiveness of goods and services in the global market is shown. Various sections of the uniformity of measurements assurance should be effectively supported by the State to allow the development of science intensive technologies and the manufacturing of high-tech products. On the base of analysis of the leading foreign and national metrological institutes activity, of the published results of various research works, of scientific analyses and annual reports the authors prove that economic success depends, inter alia, on the ability to produce and sell precisely measured and reliably tested products and services where the metrology plays a central role for manufacturers, suppliers and consumers.

The «unexpected» results in cosmology are considered: the statistical disorder of red shift on Hubble's diagram, the «falling» of estimations of Hubble constant and acceleration parameters, the global Euclidity of Universe, the ΛCDM-model degeneration, the combination of dipole anisotropy of red shift and microwave background radiation.

The analysis of works for redefinition of the kilogram and mole in many countries in the frames of experiments with watt balances, is carried out. It is shown that the reasons of divergence of results of Avogadro and Planck constants measurements by different methods are not revealed and the needed accuracy of measurements is not achieved. The conclusion on the need to continue the works on improvement of watt balances and crystal silicon spheres methods is drawn within new international projects.

There possibility of useful applications of preference aggregation procedures in processing of interlaboratory comparison results and measurement data transmission in wireless sensor networks is shown.

The common properties of dynamic systems of various nature are established on the base of its mathematical description by difference state evolution equations which are constructed and corrected according to measurement results.

The problemof search of invariant algebraic relations connecting different meanestimates of measurements derivedfrom small samples is formulated. The classical arithmetic, geometric, harmonic, quadratic, and contraharmonic means are chosen as the assessments. Thealgebraic invariantslinking these means between each other are found for two and three measurement cases.

Through the application of uneven analysis of discrepancy functional combined with the space of state expansion the new method of inverse measurement task solution is developed. The reduction of computational cost is confirmed by results of mathematical modeling of the inverse task solution in the condition of parametric uncertainty for temperature measuring transducer.

The physical model of hydrogen maser systematic frequency drift is discussed. Results of theoretical research are compared with results of experiments and long-term practical observations over drift of a hydrogen maser. One of conclusions of research is the statement that drift can change the value and a sign. The model allows to predict behavior of maser frequency with the help of maser parameters monitoring.

Themulticriteria problem of choice of the most accurate deterioration indicator for banknotes in real circulation by means of the utility function It was shown that mass, brightness and stiffness of paper are the most expedient indicators for banknote deterioration control.

The multichannel information and measuring system of oil mass flow rate where the measurement accuracy improvement is realized by the flow velocities profile control in the given section of oil pipeline- is considered.

We consider a previously unknown, found in the registration of the instrument in the long wavelength infrared range, phantom anisotropy of the anomalous spectral radiance in the local atmospheric layer covering the marine facilities. The review of previous results and existing points of view, the author's version of the proposed causes of phantoms.

A promising method for estimation of thermal properties and boundary conditions on the outer surface of the QA of buildings and facilities is considered. The main advantages of this method are its relative by quick practical usag and absence of stringent requirements to weather conditions during the field tests.

The non-destructive heat-measurement method of the operative heat power measurements in heating systems is considered. A comparative analysis of measurement results obtained by three methods - the traditional enthalpy, direct heat-measurement and non-destructive heat-measurement - is carried out.

The results of thermal conductivity, heat capacity and enthalpy of alloys with memory of the system Cu-Mn effect depending from temperature 300- 1550 K and concentrations of Mn from 0 to 100 % are presented. During the processing of experimental data a number of empirical equations is obtained.

The system of active power measurement of the tool electric drive induction motor is described. The possibility of its usage to control a treatment process based on the of the current load data is proved.

The measuring transducer of picosecond duration pulsed electric field intensity has been developed. It can be used to determine the characteristics of radio absorbent materials in bandwidth up to 30-40 GHz by methods of ultra-short pulse probing.

A method of research of dynamic parameters of breathing and heartbeats based on the analysis of wavelet decomposition coefficients of phase signal received by microwave sensor is suggested. The high sensitivity of the method to local changes of signal components shape is shown and the prospects of creation of expert diagnostic and identification systems due to the high degree of signal detailing along with the complex review of the breathing and heartbeats zones are presented.

The measurement method of biological cell capacitance using pulse conductometry device is proposed. The measurement principle consists in the use of RC -chain property containing the cell capacitance, to differentiate rectangular pulse of the voltage attached to the cell by means of microelectrodes. The cell capacitance value is determined by a radio engineering method on time of her exponential discharge after passing pulse front.