The issues related to ensuring the uniformity of measurements and traceability of measurement results obtained using clinical dosimeters in neutron radiation therapy are considered in relation to the State Primary Standard of units of absorbed dose, absorbed dose rate, ambient and individual dose equivalents, ambient and individual dose equivalent rates of neutron radiation GET 117-2023. The methods and means of reproduction and transmission of units of ambient and individual equivalents of neutron radiation dose and their powers are described. Reproduction of these units of quantities is carried out on the basis of the reconstructed energy distribution of neutrons in the energy range of 0.001–20 MeV. Requirements for the measurement error of these units of quantities are presented, in particular, the relative expanded uncertainty of measuring the absorbed dose and the absorbed dose rate of neutron radiation should not exceed 3 % with a coverage factor of 2. The work describes the composition and physical principles of operation of the State Primary Standard. The standard includes new technical means: hardware and methodological complexes for reproduction, methods and means of measurement, a neutron radiation verification unit with an automated positioning system for neutron radiation sources UKPN-1MDA, a system for filling chambers with gases. The authors present a description of the methods for reproducing units of quantities and their functional dependence. The results of the study of the metrological characteristics of GET 117-2023 are presented. The metrological characteristics of the updated standard correspond to modern domestic and international standards for accuracy and reproduction ranges. The uniformity of measurements of clinical dosimeters required for neutron radiation therapy has been ensured. GET 117-2023 plays a key role in the system of metrological support for dosimetric measurements of neutron radiation in such areas as healthcare, ecology, nuclear energy, industry, defense and security, science, as well as in a number of other areas.

The article analyzes the validity of D. I. Mendeleyev's statement made in 1867 about the need to maintain the unity of measures, weights and money to ensure fair trade and rapprochement between nations. It is shown that under the conditions of the monetary system and the “gold standard” monetary system, it was the observance of the unity of measures, weights and money that allowed states to sovereignly establish and maintain a stable value of their money for a sufficiently long time. This, in turn, ensured confidence in the stable value of money, equality of trading parties, and fair trade in states that supported the unity of measures, weights and money. The global financial and market system created in the 21st century abandoned the observance of the metrological principles of the unity of measures, weights and money, replacing the stable “material” value of national money with its market price. The negative consequences of this step became apparent quite quickly. The value of national currencies ceased to be stable, the international market became unequal. It is shown that in the conditions of the modern global financial and market system, fair international trade is impossible in principle. The article proposes and substantiates the need to return to the unity of measures, weights and money, which allows ensuring the stability of means of payment, equality of trading parties.

A brief overview of group control methods is given, which allow you to simultaneously control several products according to one or more parameters with one control tool. To reduce the time of control of a batch of products in comparison with its piece-by-piece control, a group control search method was developed and studied. It is based on an approach used to find hidden faults in radio equipment by dividing the circuit into parts and then monitoring them. The requirements that the controlled products must satisfy are determined, and the conditions for the advantage of the method are established. The influence of the volume and level of defectiveness of a batch, the distribution of defective products throughout the batch on the time of its inspection was studied. It has been proven: uniform distribution of defective products throughout the batch leads to the longest inspection time; the time of batch control by this method is significantly reduced with a decrease in the level of its defectiveness. The conditions for the feasibility of using the method in terms of batch volume and the level of its defectiveness have been established, under which it has an advantage over pieceby- piece inspection methods. A device for implementing the method is described. The efficiency of the search method of group control of a batch of products is calculated when applied in specific conditions. The obtained results can be used by technologists in various industries when developing processes for controlling batches of products.

The issue of measuring the difference in gravitational potentials and the corresponding difference in orthometric heights based on two spatially separated highly stable ground-based hydrogen quantum clocks is investigated. The relevance of the presented study and its practical significance are determined, in particular, by the prospects for measuring the difference in orthometric heights using the duplex method of comparing the time scales of remote consumers via a geostationary communications satellite. The problem of determining the difference in gravitational potentials and the corresponding difference in orthometric heights between points on the Earth's surface is considered. A solution is proposed for measuring the difference in orthometric heights using the duplex method of comparing time scales of remote consumers via a geostationary communications satellite. A scheme of an original experiment is described for measuring the difference in gravitational potentials and the corresponding difference in orthometric heights based on two spatially separated highly stable ground-based hydrogen quantum clocks. In accordance with the proposed scheme, for the first time in the Russian Federation, the difference in gravitational potentials and orthometric heights of ground points located at a distance of 825 m from each other was measured based on the duplex satellite method and transportable quantum hydrogen clocks. The domestic geostationary satellite Express-80 was used in the geostationary repeater satellite; duplex communication was established using stationary and relocatable sets of duplex equipment. With a relative instability of quantum clocks of 10–15 and a difference in orthometric heights of about 21 m, the measurement error was 2.8 m. The results obtained are relevant for geodetic gravimetry when solving problems of constructing a unified altitude base using highly stable quantum frequency standards.

A brief overview of various piezoelectric actuators - electromechanical converters of electrical signals of the power source into movement is given. An electromechanical mathematical model of a piezoelectric torsional-bending TorsBC-actuator in the form of a curved two-layer bimorph of torsion from two fi lm piezoelectric IncIDE-actuators with orientation angles ±π/4 interdigital electrodes was developed. The working bending of the TorsBC actuator in the transverse plane is due to controlled piezoelectric twisting around its longitudinal curvilinear axis. The torque is due to piezoelectric tensile or compressive stresses at ±π/4 angles to the longitudinal axis in the bimorph layers. The polarity of the control voltage applied to the electrode outputs determines the sign of the piezoelectric stresses (i.e. tension or compression in directions ±π/4) of the torsion bimorph layers and, as a result, determines the direction of twisting and the resulting transverse bending of the TorsBC actuator. Analytical solutions and numerical analysis of values of deflection, twist angle and blocking force on free end of cantilever arc-shaped TorsBC actuator are obtained depending on its geometrical and electro-mechanical parameters, in particular, curvature of its longitudinal axis. The results are relevant in the design of bending-type sensors and actuators, elements of microelectromechanical systems, stepper motors and manipulators for assembling microscale objects.

The practical implementation aspects of heated in microwave electromagnetic fields objects noncontact temperature measurement as one of the main factors in ensuring the quality of the heat-treated product are considered. The advantages of using the pyrometric method of temperature measurement in comparison with the thermocouple method under the influence of high-intensity electromagnetic fields are substantiated. A variant, which includes a cut-off waveguide with fasteners and a small-sized infrared sensor, for continuous temperature measurement system technical implementation of heated in a microwave field objects is proposed. The variants of proposed compact, cheap and versatile temperature measurement unit using a single-zone infrared sensor of the MLX90614 family, in application to conveyor microwave heating installations are described. The convenience of embedding the sensor into the microwave technological installation control system is noted due to the presence of programming functions for the emissivity of the measured object, the possibility of transmitting information about the object temperature using one of two digital protocols, as well as the possibility of building a network of several dozen measuring sensors on one two-wire digital data bus. The small size and weight, simplicity and relative cheapness of the contactless temperature measurement unit design allows it to be used in all types of microwave heating devices.

It was noted that the detection time of West Nile virus protein E by standard methods – immunoenzyme assay for West Nile virus antigen, antibody seroconversion, polymerase chain reaction with reverse transcription, virus isolation and neutralization assay, is at least one hour. West Nile virus (genus Flavivirus) belongs to the Japanese encephalitis antigenic complex of the family Flaviviridae and is capable of causing West Nile fever or severe West Nile disease. To increase the detection rate of recombinant protein E of West Nile virus, an express detection method using the developed promising biosensor-based analytical device was proposed. The biosensor is based on a field-effect transistor fabricated by optical lithography using silicon-on-insulator technology. The biosensor design was modernized – the topology of the crystal was changed (one ground electrode was formed in the center, around which 20 field-effect transistors are located), and the crystal surface was additionally covered with a hafnium oxide layer to stabilize the electrical characteristics. Protein detection by means of the biosensor is based on the measurement of current amplitude in the source-to-source circuit of the biosensor with monoclonal antibodies immobilized on the surface of its gate in response to the appearance of the antigen – recombinant protein E of West Nile virus – in the analyzed sample. It was experimentally established that the biosensor is capable of detecting protein concentration of 10 pg/μl. It is necessary to continue further studies to determine the error of measured concentrations and statistical reliability of the results obtained by the biosensor.

The most booming technology of artificial intelligence, so-called large language models (LLM), is considered. Their functionality, examples and prospects of use in various fields of activity are analyzed. It is shown that by means of specialized pre-training technologies there are opportunities to create numerous neuro employees on the basis of large language models, increasing the efficiency of companies' activity. Pre-training adds special expert knowledge in a particular field and/or specific functional capabilities to the “basic intelligence” of large language models. A pilot project implemented by VNIIMS in cooperation with the University of Artificial Intelligence to create a neuro consultant in the field of legal metrology based on the YandexGPT model is described. The results of the project confirmed the practical feasibility and high efficiency of such a neuro employee. The project assumes the possibility of further development and scaling.