The information on content, theory of operation and metrological concepts of the State primary special standard of length unit in the field of measurements of deviations from straightness and flatness, GET 130-2019, conducted in 2019, is provided. The results of metrological characteristics research of the measuring interference system included in GET 130-2019 are described. With the help of an additional measuring interference system, the unit is reproduced on the basis of fundamental physical constants and the properties of matter – interference, which eliminates additional instrumental sources of errors (uncertainties). The transfer of length in the field of measurements of deviations from straightness and flatness in the range from 0 to 50 μm on the length of the measured surface up to 30 m with the highest accuracy in Russia is ensured. The conducted comparisons proved that metrological characteristics of GET 130-2019 correspond to those presented in the database of measuring capabilities of the International Bureau of Weights and Measures (BIPM) on the already confi rmed by means of stationary and autonomous measuring profile length to 5 m, as well as the level of foreign standards, presented in BIPM on the length to 30 m.

The influence on the approximation properties of a nonparametric probability density estimate of Rosenblatt-Parzen type of the information on the dependence of random variables is determined. The ratio of the asymptotic expressions of the mean square deviations of independent and dependent random variables is obtained. This relation for a two-dimensional random variable is considered as a quantitative assessment of the influence of information about their dependence on the approximation properties of the kernel probability density estimate. The established ratio is determined by the kind of probability density and the volumes of the initial statistical data that are used in estimating the probability densities of dependent and independent random variables. The general results obtained are considered in detail for two-dimensional linearly dependent random variables with normal distribution laws. The functional dependence of the ratio of the mean square deviations of the independent and dependent two-dimensional random variables on the correlation coefficient is determined. The dependence of the considered ratio on the volume of statistical data is analyzed. A method for estimating the functional of the second derivatives of two-dimensional random variables with normal distribution laws is developed. The results obtained are the basis for the development of modifi cations of “fast” procedures for optimizing kernel estimates of probability densities in conditions of large samples.

The problem of improving the quality of forecasts of the cost of measuring means is considered. The main approaches to the prediction value and the main factors that determine the cost of measuring instruments are presented. The method for calculating the cost of perspective measuring equipment based on taking into account its technical characteristics has been developed. The methods for accounting non-linear dependences of cost on technical characteristics are suggested. As example we consider additive and multiplicative value models of generators of high-frequency signals, and spectrum analyzers as the functions of technical characteristics of these devices.

This article gives an overview of results achieved in process of design, developing and using of data acquisition and control systems for LSM (long-base strainmeters) and other devices based on Michelson laser interferometer. Such control systems are also used in other types of laser-interference instruments that provide the study of geodynamic processes in a broad frequency range. It’s shown that the effective means for control of external factors in geophysical measurements using LSMs are the same-type laser-interference instruments. The geophysical laser-interference complex is described in this paper as the basis for the construction of interregional space-separated measuring systems. The efficiency of laser-interference meters based on the Michelson interferometer is shown for taking into account the influence of external factors during geophysical measurements using laser strainmeters. A recording system of a strainmeter based on a Michelson interferometer is described, which makes it possible to obtain high sensitivity and record high-frequency oscillations (up to 2 kHz). The advantages of using this control system over the previous versions are noted: the optical scheme of the proposed interferometer contains fewer parts, and the recording system is more reliable and has less power consumption.

The possibility of using beryllium as a means of storing and transferring a unit of specific heat capacity and extending the range of values of heat capacity measures from 1654 to 2900 J/(kg·K) towards the upper limit is estimated. The temperature dependence of the specific heat capacity of beryllium samples of known composition in the temperature range of 260–870 K has been determined. The reproducibility of the thermophysical properties of beryllium over time and under repeated heating in the specified temperature range is analyzed. The results obtained are relevant for the field of metrological support in the field of measurements of thermophysical quantities.

The accelerated heat treatment during steel products hardening technology has been investigated. The possibility of measuring the temperature of steel products by thermoelectric platinum-platinum-rhodium thermocouple under microarc heating conditions is analyzed. During the experiments, working junctions of two S-type thermocouples: working and standard, were coined into the sample surface at the same level. The free thermocouples ends were connected to a digital multimeter and a personal computer. It was determined that 5 factors affect the measurement results: the electric current strength in the circuit, carbon powder, calibration, number of repeated measurement cycles, and a thermocouple copy. When planning the experiment, the concept of conducting a step-by-step nested experiment was used. Variance analysis method was used to process the experimental results. The measurement method precision parameters were calculated: repeatability and reproducibility. A linear mathematical model linking the measurement method reproducibility index with the measured temperature value has been obtained. A linear mathematical model is obtained that relates the reproducibility index of the measurement method to the measured temperature value. A measuring system for the experimental determination of the temperature of a steel sample is proposed and its application is justified for different electric current densities on the sample surface and varying duration of microarc heating. The possibilities of selecting and controlling the microarc heating modes depending on the required temperature of the heat treatment of the steel product are determined.

The problem of the influence of the accuracy of dividing magnetic losses into components in transformers on the efficiency of minimizing these losses is considered. Various methods of studying and evaluating the magnetic properties of electrical steels and the power of magnetic losses are described. It is shown that the use of the wattmeter method for determining the components of magnetic losses in a specific transformer, in contrast to the currently used methods for determining the power of specific magnetic losses, does not require special equipment and software. An assessment of two specific errors of the wattmeter method for determining the magnetic losses in the transformer core is carried out. The first error is associated with the errors of the measuring devices (wattmeter and frequency meter), the second – with electrical losses during an idle experiment. The dependences of the errors of these losses on the accuracy class of the devices (wattmeter and cymometer) are obtained. It was found that for a dry single-phase transformer, the error of hysteresis losses is 19 times higher than the accuracy class of devices, and the error of eddy-current losses is 32 times. For low-power transformers (up to 5 kVA), taking into account electrical losses in the no-load experiment underestimates the losses due to hysteresis and overestimates the losses due to eddy currents, the error in determining which can significantly exceed the total error in determining the magnetic losses. It is shown that for transformers with a capacity of over 25 kVA, the error associated with taking into account electrical losses in the no-load test is negligible.

Methods of external calibration of radar polarimeters are considered. Algorithms for evaluating elements of the Mueller matrix and eliminating distortions introduced by the polarimeter are presented. The article describes the design of a radar reflector with electrically controlled polarization properties that can imitate the properties of two and three-sided reflectors and non-reciprocal reflectors. The analysis of the mode of dynamic switching of the scattering characteristics of the reflector used for calibration by the method of polarization modulation of scattered signals is performed. The results of experimental studies of a laboratory sample of a radar reflector with controlled characteristics are presented. The results obtained can be used in radar.

The results of metrological studies of the field of the experimental channel of the research nuclear reactor OR (experimental base of the NRC “Kurchatov Institute”) with a capacity of 0.1–300 kW are presented. The empirical dependence of the contribution of the absorbed dose of gamma radiation during the raising and lowering reactor power in the total absorbed dose during the irradiation in the reactor and absorbed dose rate from a power reactor OR in the steady state. Based on these results, the absorbed dose and absorbed dose rate of gamma radiation can be pre-calculated. According to metrological studies results, the experimental channel of the reactor OR was certifi ed in terms of the absorbed dose rate of gamma radiation as a specialized source of gamma radiation spatially combined with the modeling reference field of neutrons. The specialized source is designed for calibration of special-purpose measuring instruments and testing for radiation resistance of products operating in conditions of mixed gamma-neutron radiation of nuclear reactors.

The article deals with data of research for development of certified reference materials set for opened porosity of solid substances and materials (imitators) (OPGP SO UNIIM set) GSO 11116-2018/GSO 11119-2018. The certified values of open porosity are determined using a gas pycnometer. Certified reference materials are intended for certification of measurement techniques and control of the accuracy of open porosity measurement results for petrophysical studies of core. Certified reference materials can be used for calibration, verification of open porosity measurements of rock and for testing of measuring instruments. A complete budget of the CRM uncertainty is presented, taking into account changes in ambient temperature when it used in testing and calibration laboratories.

The advantages of the Raman spectroscopy method in comparison with gas chromatography in the analysis of the composition of natural gas are described. The metrological characteristics of a Raman gas analyzer developed at the Institute of Monitoring of Climatic and Ecological Systems of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences have been studied. A series of measurements were carried out on three natural gas simulators with different concentrations of components. It is shown that Raman gas analyzers are capable of providing high measurement accuracy, close to that of gas chromatographs when analyzing components with a low molar fraction (0.001–0.010 %). It is noted that when analyzing components with a molar fraction in the range of 0.01–100.00 %, the accuracy of the proposed Raman gas analyzer surpassed the accuracy of gas chromatographs.