Improving the accuracy of measurement of bistatic scattering characteristics of material samples in various conf gurations

The infl uence of diffraction effects at the edges of fl at samples of small (2–4 wavelengths of incident wave) sizes on the results of measurements of the refl ection coeffi cient of the sample material, a bistatic characteristic that depends on the frequency of radiation in a wide (10–85°) range of incidence angles is considered. To reduce the infl uence of diffraction effects, samples of various confi gurations have been developed, made of magnetodielectric with frequency dispersion of dielectric and magnetic permeability. The samples are a metal plate, on one side of which the material under study is applied, and the other surfaces of the plate are covered with radiation-absorbent material. The scattering characteristics of samples of the developed confi gurations are numerically calculated and experimentally measured on a bistatic facility in an anechoic chamber. The experimental results correspond with the calculated data. A noticeable reduction in the infl uence of diffraction effects on the refl ectivity values in a wide angular and frequency range has been shown. Using numerical methods in the FEKO software package, the infl uence of the sample confi guration on the methodical error in refl ectance measurements was studied. It is shown that this error can be reduced by using a substrate of an extended shape in the plane of incidence (samples of a hybrid confi guration). The results obtained can be used to measure the scattering characteristics of materials in free space.

1. Sudha Rani K., Krishna Chaitanya T. Detection of Multiple Targets by Multistatic RADAR, International Journal of Engineering and Technical Research, 2015, vol. 3, no.7, pp. 84–93.

2. Álvarez H.F, Gómez M.E., Las-Heras F. IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement, 2020, vol. 69, no. 4, pp. 1737-1744. DOI: 10.1109/TIM.2019.2913721

3. Zeng J., Chen K. -S., H. Bi, Chen Q. Yang X. Radar Response of Off-Specular Bistatic Scattering to Soil Moisture and Surface Roughness at L-Band. IEEE Geoscience and Remote Sensing Letters, vol. 13, no. 12, pp. 1945–1949, Dec. 2016, doi: 10.1109/LGRS.2016.2618884

4. Ufimtsev P. Ya. Fundamentals of the Physical Theory of Diffraction, John Wiley&Sons, Inc., 2014, 469 p.

5. Ufimtsev P. Ya. Theory of Edge Diffraction in Electromagnetics: Origination and validation of the physical theory of diffraction, Scitech Publishing, 2009, 428 p.

6. Eyraud C., Geffrin J.-M., Sabouroux P., Chaumet P.C., Tortel H., Giovannini H., Litman A. Radio Science, 2008, vol. 43., no. 4, RS4018. DOI: 10.1029/2008RS003836

7. Röding M., Sommerkorn G., Häfner S., Ihlow A., Jovanoska S., Thomä R. S. 47th European Microwave Conference (EuMC), Nuremberg, Germany, 2017, pp. 1273 1276, doi: 10.23919/EuMC.2017.8231083

8. Saleh H., Geffrin J.-M., Eyraud С., Tortel H. 2017 Mediterranean Microwave Symposium (MMS), Marseille, France, 2017, pp. 1–2, doi: 10.1109/MMS.2017.8497163

9. Saleh H., Geffrin J.-M., Tortel H. 2017 11th European Conference on Antennas and Propagation (EUCAP), Paris, 2017, pp. 259–262. doi: 10.23919/EuCAP.2017.7928273

10. Umari M. H., Ghodgaonkar D. K., Varadan V.V., and Varadan V.K. A free-space bistatic calibration technique for the measurement of parallel and perpendicular reflection coefficients of planar samples, IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement, 1991, vol. 40, no. 1, pp. 19–24.

11. Álvarez H. F., de Cos M. E. and Las-Heras F. 13th European Conference on Antennas and Propagation (EuCAP 2019), Krakow, Poland, 2019, pp. 1–4.

12. Masaki T., Ishii Y., Michishita N., Morishita H., and Hada H. 2017 IEEE Conference on Antenna Measurements & Applications (CAMA), Tsukuba, Japan, 2017, pp. 351-352, doi: 10.1109/CAMA.2017.8273448

13. Gilmutdinov R. V., Menshikh N. L., Fedorov S. A. Zhurnal Radioelektroniki - Journal of Radio Electronics, 2020, no. 10. (In Russ.) DOI: 10.30898/1684-1719.2020.10.6

14. Gilmutdinov R. V., Menshikh N. L., Fedorov S. A. 2022 IEEE 8th All-Russian Microwave Conference (RMC), Moscow, Russian Federation, 2022, pp. 394–396, doi: 10.1109/RMC55984.2022.10079582

15. Fedorov S. A, Menshikh N. L., Gilmutdinov R. V., Solosin V. S. 2021 Radiation and Scattering of Electromagnetic Waves (RSEMW), 2021, pp. 332–336, doi: 10.1109/RSEMW52378.2021.9494032

16. Gilmutdinov R. V., Krasnolobov I. I., Menshikh N. L., Fedorov S. A., Modern Electrodynamics, 2022, vol. 1, no. 1, pp. 35–38. (In Russ.) doi:10.24412/2949-0553-2022-11-35-38

17. Brekhovskikh L. M. Waves in layered media. Academic Press, 1976. 503 p.

18. Gilmutdinov R. V., Krasnolobov I. I., Menshikh N. L., Fedorov S. A., Procedural Measurement Error in Specular Reflection Coefficient from Planar Samples Using Two Different Types of Test Stands. Measurement Techniques, 2021, vol. 64, pp. 481–487 https://doi.org/10.1007/s11018-021-01957-7

19. Fedorov S. A., Gilmutdinov R. V., Menshikh N. L. 2020 7th All-Russian Microwave Conference (RMC), 2020, pp. 276–278, doi: 10.1109/RMC50626.2020.9312243

20. Semenenko V. N., Chistyaev V. A, Politiko A. A, Kibets S. G., Complex Permittivity and Permeability of Composite Materials Based on Carbonyl Iron Powder Over an Ultrawide Frequency Band, Physical Review Applied, vol. 16, no. 1, APS, 2021. doi:10.1103/PhysRevApplied.16.014062

21. Kobak V. O. Radiolokacionnye otrazhateli [Radar reflectors]. Sovetskoye radio. 1975. 212 p. (In Russ.)

22. Balabukha N. P., Fedorov S. A., Gilmutdinov R. V., Menshikh N. L., Sapoznikov D. V. 2021 Antennas Design and Measurement International Conference (ADMInC), 2021, pp. 54–57, doi: 10.1109/ADMInC54110.2021.9671006