State primary standard of the unit of power spectral density of noise radio emission in the frequency range from 0.002 to 178.3 GHz GET 21-2021

In 2021, the State primary standard unit of power spectral density of noise radio emission in the frequency range from 0.002 to 178.3 GHz GET 21-2021 passed the approval. GET 21-2021 introduced low-temperature noise generators as primary reference measures. Preferred and manufactured primary reference measures were investigated: two coaxial low temperature noise generators in the frequency range 0.002–4.0 GHz, 4.0–12.05 GHz and three waveguide low temperature noise generators in the frequency range 12.05–17.44 GHz, 17.44–25.86 GHz, 25.86–37.5 GHz. Noise temperatures of primary reference measures are investigated and calculated. The reproducible value of the equivalent noise temperature was 77.5–84.82 K for coaxial low-temperature noise generators and 78.4–80.53 K for waveguide low-temperature noise generators, 4.0 GHz and 4.0–12.05 GHz; three waveguide 12.05–17.44 GHz; 17.44–25.86 GHz and 25.86–37.5 GHz. The dynamic range of measurements is increased and the error of unit transmission is reduced. The results of measurements of the power spectral density of noise radio emission with the following characteristics are obtained: the total error in reproducing the unit of the spectral power density of noise radio emission from 0.24 to 0.30 K; expanded uncertainty when transferring a unit of power spectral density of noise radio emission to secondary standards and working standards of the 1st category, from 0.4 to 0.8 K; the measurement error of the power spectral density of noise radio emission decreased by 1.5 times. A comparative analysis of uncertainties in the transfer of a unit of the power spectral density of noise radio emission from primary reference measures to secondary standards and working standards of the 1st category is carried out. The results of this work are applicable in the radio industry when measuring noise parameters. The sensitivity values of instruments and devices that depend on the level of noise electromagnetic oscillations, are controlled by measures of the power spectral density of noise radio emission – measuring noise generators.

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