<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.3 20210610//EN" "JATS-journalpublishing1-3.dtd">
<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">izmertech</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Измерительная техника</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Izmeritel`naya Tekhnika</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">0368-1025</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2949-5237</issn><publisher><publisher-name>ФГУП "ВНИИФТРИ"</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.32446/0368-1025it.2025-6-13-22</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">izmertech-2394</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОБЩИЕ ВОПРОСЫ МЕТРОЛОГИИ И ИЗМЕРИТЕЛЬНОЙ ТЕХНИКИ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>GENERAL PROBLEMS OF METROLOGY AND MEASUREMENT TECHNIQUES</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Применение дифференцирующего фильтра СавицкогоГолея при восстановлении входного сигнала датчика</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Application of the Savitzky-Golay differentiating filter in restoring the sensor input signal</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5579-6040</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Волосников</surname><given-names>А. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Volosnikov</surname><given-names>A. S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Андрей Сергеевич Волосников</p><p>Челябинск</p><p> </p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Andrei S. Volosnikov</p><p>Chelyabinsk</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">volosnikovas@susu.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Южно-Уральский государственный университет (национальный исследовательский университет)</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>South Ural State University (National Research University)</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2025</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>13</day><month>12</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>74</volume><issue>6</issue><fpage>13</fpage><lpage>12</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; ФГУП "ВНИИФТРИ", 2025</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">ФГУП "ВНИИФТРИ"</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">ФГУП "ВНИИФТРИ"</copyright-holder><license xlink:href="https://www.izmt.ru/jour/about/submissions#copyrightNotice" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>https://www.izmt.ru/jour/about/submissions#copyrightNotice</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.izmt.ru/jour/article/view/2394">https://www.izmt.ru/jour/article/view/2394</self-uri><abstract><p>Рассмотрена коррекция динамической погрешности измерения путём восстановления входного сигнала датчика при аддитивном шуме на его выходе. Дан обзор публикаций по применению фильтра СавицкогоГолея в динамических измерениях. Разработана схема адаптивной динамической измерительной системы на основе дискретного дифференцирующего фильтра Савицкого-Голея. Предложено редуцировать передаточную функцию датчика к минимальной форме в виде интегрирующего звена, порядок которого равен разности порядков знаменателя и числителя передаточной функции. Предложенная редукция заключается в обработке последовательности дискретных отсчётов выходного сигнала датчика с помощью блока редукции, выходной сигнал которого эквивалентен выходному сигналу редуцированной передаточной функции датчика. Проанализирована динамическая погрешность восстановления входного сигнала и оценены её составляющие, обусловленные отличием передаточной функции датчика от идеальной функции и аддитивным шумом на его выходе. Адаптация параметра дифференцирующего фильтра к шуму осуществляется по минимуму среднего квадратического отклонения оценки динамической погрешности. Проведено компьютерное моделирование разработанной измерительной системы в присутствии аддитивного случайного шума на выходе датчика второго порядка. Эффективно восстановлены форма и амплитуда входного сигнала датчика на основе измерительной системы с дифференцирующим фильтром СавицкогоГолея. Разработанную модель динамической измерительной системы можно применять при обработке результатов измерений таких быстропеременных величин, как температура, давление, скорость и ускорение, в погрешности измерений которых доминирует динамическая составляющая погрешности, обусловленная инерционностью датчика, а также аддитивными шумами на его выходе.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The problem of correcting the dynamic error by restoring the sensor input signal in the presence of additive noise at its output is considered. A review of publications on the application of the Savitzky-Golay fi lter in dynamic measurements is carried out. A block diagram of an adaptive dynamic measuring system based on the discrete Savitzky-Golay differentiating fi lter is developed. For the possibility of using the differentiating fi lter, a method is proposed for reducing the sensor transfer function to a minimum form of an integrating unit, the order of which is equal to the difference in the orders of the denominator and numerator of the sensor transfer function. Reduction is performed by processing a sequence of discrete samples of the sensor output signal using a reduction unit, the output signal of which is equivalent to the output signal of the reduced sensor transfer function. After analyzing the dynamic error of the sensor input signal restoration, an estimate of the error and its components is proposed, due to the difference between the sensor's transfer function and the ideal one and the additive noise at its output. The noise adaptation of the differentiating fi lter parameter is carried out by minimizing the mean square deviation of the dynamic error estimate. A computer simulation of the proposed measuring system is performed in the presence of additive random noise at the output of a second-order sensor. The effectiveness of estimating the dynamic error of reconstructing the sensor input signal based on the structure of a measuring system with the Savitzky-Golay differentiating fi lter is demonstrated. The application fi eld of the measuring system obtained is the measurement data processing of fast-changing quantities such as temperature, pressure, speed and acceleration, when the dynamic component of the error, caused by inertia of the sensor, as well as additive noises at its output, is dominant.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>динамическое измерение</kwd><kwd>адаптивная обработка сигналов</kwd><kwd>фильтр Савицкого-Голея</kwd><kwd>дифференцирующие фильтры</kwd><kwd>адаптивные фильтры</kwd><kwd>динамическая погрешность</kwd><kwd>оценивание погрешности</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>dynamic measurement</kwd><kwd>adaptive signal processing</kwd><kwd>Savitzky-Golay fi lter</kwd><kwd>differentiator fi lters</kwd><kwd>adaptive fi lters</kwd><kwd>dynamic measurement error</kwd><kwd>measurement error estimation</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Исследование выполнено при финансовой поддержке Министерства науки и высшего образования Российской Федерации (государственное задание на выполнение фундаментальных научных исследований № FENU-2023-0010).</funding-statement><funding-statement xml:lang="en">This work was supported by the Ministry of Science and Higher Education of the Russian Federation (project no. FENU-2023-0010).</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Волосников А. С. Измерительная система на основе нерекурсивных фильтров с оптимальной коррекцией погрешности динамического измерения. Измерительная техника, (10),19–25 (2022). https://doi.org/10.32446/0368-1025it.2022-10-19-25 ; https://www.elibrary.ru/okkmng.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Volosnikov A. S. Measurement system based on nonrecursive fi lters with the optimal correction of the dynamic measurement error. Measurement Techniques, 65(10), 720–728, (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11018-023-02144-6.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit2"><label>2</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Волосников А. С. Адаптивное линейное оценивание погрешности динамического измерения. Измерительная техника, (10), 25–31. https://doi.org/10.32446/0368-1025it.2023-10-25-31.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Volosnikov A. S. Adaptive linear estimation of the dynamic measurement error. Measurement Techniques, 66(8), 755–764 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11018-024-02289-y.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit3"><label>3</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Savitzky A., Golay M. J. E. Smoothing and differentiation of data by simplifi ed least squares procedure. Analytical Chemistry, 36(8), 1627–1639 (1964). https://doi.org/10.1021/ac60214a047</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Savitzky A., Golay M. J. E. Smoothing and differentiation of data by simplifi ed least squares procedure. Analytical Chemistry, 36(8), 1627–1639 (1964). https://doi.org/10.1021/ac60214a047</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit4"><label>4</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Sadeghi M., Behnia F., Amiri R. Window selection of the Savitzky-Golay fi lters for signal recovery from noisy measurements. IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement, 69(8), 5418–5427 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1109/TIM.2020.2966310</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Sadeghi M., Behnia F., Amiri R. Window selection of the Savitzky-Golay fi lters for signal recovery from noisy measurements. IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement, 69(8), 5418–5427 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1109/TIM.2020.2966310</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit5"><label>5</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Gorry P. A. General least-squares smoothing and differentiation by the convolution (Savitzky-Golay) method. Analytical Chemistry, 62(6), 570–573 (1990). https://doi.org/10.1021/ac00205a007</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Gorry P. A. General least-squares smoothing and differentiation by the convolution (Savitzky-Golay) method. Analytical Chemistry, 62(6), 570–573 (1990). https://doi.org/10.1021/ac00205a007</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit6"><label>6</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Madden H. H. Comments on the Savitzky-Golay convolution method for least-squares-fi t smoothing and differentiation of digital data. Analytical Chemistry, 50(9), 1383–1386 (1978). https://doi.org/10.1021%2Fac50031a048</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Madden H. H. Comments on the Savitzky-Golay convolution method for least-squares-fi t smoothing and differentiation of digital data. Analytical Chemistry, 50(9), 1383–1386 (1978). https://doi.org/10.1021%2Fac50031a048</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit7"><label>7</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Schafer R. W. What is a Savitzky-Golay Filter? [Lecture notes]. IEEE Signal Processing Magazine, 28(4), 111–117 (2011). https://doi.org/10.1109/MSP.2011.941097</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Schafer R. W. What is a Savitzky-Golay Filter? [Lecture notes]. IEEE Signal Processing Magazine, 28(4), 111–117 (2011). https://doi.org/10.1109/MSP.2011.941097</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit8"><label>8</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Candan Ç., Inan H. A unifi ed framework for derivation and implementation of Savitzky-Golay fi lters. Signal Processing, 104, 203–211 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sigpro.2014.04.016</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Candan Ç., Inan H. A unifi ed framework for derivation and implementation of Savitzky-Golay fi lters. Signal Processing, 104, 203–211 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sigpro.2014.04.016</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit9"><label>9</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Шестаков А. Л. Методы теории автоматического управления в динамических измерениях: монография. Издательский центр ЮУрГУ, Челябинск (2013).</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Shestakov A. L. Methods of the theory of automatic control in dynamic measurements: monograph. SUSU Publ., Chelyabinsk (2013). (In Russ.).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit10"><label>10</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Shestakov A. L., Keller A. V., Zamyshlyaeva A. A., Manakova N. A., Tsyplenkova O. N., Gavrilova O. V., Perevozchikova K. V. Restoration of dynamically distorted signal using the theory of optimal dynamic measurements and digital fi ltering. Measurement: Sensors, 18, 100178 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.measen.2021.100178</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Shestakov A. L., Keller A. V., Zamyshlyaeva A. A., Manakova N. A., Tsyplenkova O. N., Gavrilova O. V., Perevozchikova K. V. Restoration of dynamically distorted signal using the theory of optimal dynamic measurements and digital fi ltering. Measurement: Sensors, 18, 100178 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.measen.2021.100178</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit11"><label>11</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Luo J., Ying K., He P., Bai J. Properties of Savitzky-Golay digital differentiators. Digital Signal Processing, 15(2), 122– 136 (2005). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dsp.2004.09.008</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Luo J., Ying K., He P., Bai J. Properties of Savitzky-Golay digital differentiators. Digital Signal Processing, 15(2), 122– 136 (2005). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dsp.2004.09.008</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit12"><label>12</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Nishida E. N., Dutra O. O., Ferreira L. H. C., Colletta G. D. Application of Savitzky-Golay digital differentiator for QRS complex detection in an electrocardiographic monitoring system. 2017 IEEE International Symposium on Medical Measurements and Applications (MeMeA), 233–238, Rochester, MN (2017). https://doi.org/10.1109/MeMeA.2017.7985881</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Nishida E. N., Dutra O. O., Ferreira L. H. C., Colletta G. D. Application of Savitzky-Golay digital differentiator for QRS complex detection in an electrocardiographic monitoring system. 2017 IEEE International Symposium on Medical Measurements and Applications (MeMeA), 233–238, Rochester, MN (2017). https://doi.org/10.1109/MeMeA.2017.7985881</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit13"><label>13</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Krishnan S. R., Magimai.-Doss M., Seelamantula C. S. A Savitzky-Golay fi ltering perspective of dynamic feature computation. IEEE Signal Processing Letters, 20(3), 281–284 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1109/LSP.2013.2244593</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Krishnan S. R., Magimai.-Doss M., Seelamantula C. S. A Savitzky-Golay fi ltering perspective of dynamic feature computation. IEEE Signal Processing Letters, 20(3), 281–284 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1109/LSP.2013.2244593</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit14"><label>14</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Rawash Y. Z., Al-Naami B., Alfraihat A., Owida H. A. Advanced low-pass fi lters for signal processing: A comparative study on Gaussian, Mittag-Leffl er, and Savitzky-Golay fi lters. Mathematical Modelling of Engineering Problems, 11(7), 1841– 1850 (2024). https://doi.org/10.18280/mmep.110713</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Rawash Y. Z., Al-Naami B., Alfraihat A., Owida H. A. Advanced low-pass fi lters for signal processing: A comparative study on Gaussian, Mittag-Leffl er, and Savitzky-Golay fi lters. Mathematical Modelling of Engineering Problems, 11(7), 1841– 1850 (2024). https://doi.org/10.18280/mmep.110713</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit15"><label>15</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Rivolo S., Patterson T., Asrress K. N., Marber M., Redwood S., Smith N. P. Accurate and standardized coronary wave intensity analysis. IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering, 64(5), 1187–1196 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1109/TBME.2016.2593518</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Rivolo S., Patterson T., Asrress K. N., Marber M., Redwood S., Smith N. P. Accurate and standardized coronary wave intensity analysis. IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering, 64(5), 1187–1196 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1109/TBME.2016.2593518</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit16"><label>16</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Dombi J., Dineva A. Adaptive Savitzky-Golay fi ltering and its applications. International Journal of Advanced Intelligence Paradigms, 16(2), 145–156 (2020). http://dx.doi.org/10.1504/IJAIP.2020.107011</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Dombi J., Dineva A. Adaptive Savitzky-Golay fi ltering and its applications. International Journal of Advanced Intelligence Paradigms, 16(2), 145–156 (2020). http://dx.doi.org/10.1504/IJAIP.2020.107011</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit17"><label>17</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">John A., Sadasivan J., Seelamantula C. S. Adaptive Savitzky-Golay fi ltering in non-Gaussian noise. IEEE Transactions on Signal Processing, 69, 5021–5036 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1109/TSP.2021.3106450</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">John A., Sadasivan J., Seelamantula C. S. Adaptive Savitzky-Golay fi ltering in non-Gaussian noise. IEEE Transactions on Signal Processing, 69, 5021–5036 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1109/TSP.2021.3106450</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit18"><label>18</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Franklin G. F., Powell J. D., Workman M. L. Digital Control of Dynamic Systems (3rd ed.). Addison Wesley Longman, Menlo Park (1998).</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Franklin G. F., Powell J. D., Workman M. L. Digital Control of Dynamic Systems (3rd ed.). Addison Wesley Longman, Menlo Park (1998).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit19"><label>19</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Oppenheim A. V., Schafer R. W. Discrete-time signal processing, 3rd ed. Pearson Education, Harlow (2010).</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Oppenheim A. V., Schafer R. W. Discrete-time signal processing, 3rd ed. Pearson Education, Harlow (2010).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit20"><label>20</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Lyons R. G. Understanding digital signal processing, 3rd ed. Pearson Education, Boston (2011).</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Lyons R. G. Understanding digital signal processing, 3rd ed. Pearson Education, Boston (2011).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit21"><label>21</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Schmid M., Rath D., Diebold U. Why and how Savitzky-Golay fi lters should be replaced. ACS Measurement Science Au, 2(2), 185–196 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1021/acsmeasuresciau.1c00054</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Schmid M., Rath D., Diebold U. Why and how Savitzky-Golay fi lters should be replaced. ACS Measurement Science Au, 2(2), 185–196 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1021/acsmeasuresciau.1c00054</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit22"><label>22</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Грановский В. А. Динамические измерения: Основы метрологического обеспечения. Энергоатомиздат, Ленинград (1984).</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Granovskiy V. A. Dynamic measurements: Fundamentals of metrological support. Energoatomizdat Publ., Leningrad (1984). (In Russ.).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref></ref-list><fn-group><fn fn-type="conflict"><p>The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.</p></fn></fn-group></back></article>
