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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">izmertech</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Измерительная техника</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Izmeritel`naya Tekhnika</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">0368-1025</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2949-5237</issn><publisher><publisher-name>ФГУП "ВНИИФТРИ"</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.32446/0368-1025it.2025-4-74-81</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">izmertech-2391</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>АКУСТИЧЕСКИЕ ИЗМЕРЕНИЯ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>ACOUSTIC MEASUREMENTS</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Фазоимпульсный метод оценки времени пробега звуковой волны при измерениях скорости звука в водной среде</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Phase-pulse method for estimating the traveling time of a sound wave when measuring the speed of sound in a water medium</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0718-5234</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Исаев</surname><given-names>А. Е.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Isaev</surname><given-names>A. E.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Александр Евгеньевич Исаев</p><p>г. п. Менделеево, Московская обл.</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Alexander E. Isaev </p><p>Mendeleevo, Moscow region </p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">isaev@vniiftri.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Всероссийский научно-исследовательский институт физико-технических и радиотехнических измерений</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Russian Metrological Institute of Technical Physics and Radio Engineering</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2025</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>04</day><month>09</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>74</volume><issue>4</issue><fpage>74</fpage><lpage>81</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; ФГУП "ВНИИФТРИ", 2025</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">ФГУП "ВНИИФТРИ"</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">ФГУП "ВНИИФТРИ"</copyright-holder><license xlink:href="https://www.izmt.ru/jour/about/submissions#copyrightNotice" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>https://www.izmt.ru/jour/about/submissions#copyrightNotice</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.izmt.ru/jour/article/view/2391">https://www.izmt.ru/jour/article/view/2391</self-uri><abstract><p>Рассмотрены вопросы повышения точности измерений скорости звука в воде с использованием как эталонных установок, так и малогабаритных автономных измерителей. Обсуждены способы оценки времени пробега звуковой волны при измерениях скорости звука в водной среде времяпролётным методом с переменной базой. Показаны общие недостатки этих способов – малое количество характерных точек сигналов, используемых для оценки временных интервалов, и субъективность выбора характерных точек. Предложен вариант фазоимпульсного метода, позволяющий получать интегральную оценку времени пробега звуковой волны. Приведено теоретическое обоснование применимости метода для измерения скорости звука в водной среде. Время пробега оценивают по частотной зависимости набега фазы звуковой волны, которую получают как разность фазовых спектров (взаимный фазовый спектр) разнесённых по времени приёма копий широкополосных сигналов. В отсутствие дисперсии звука взаимный фазовый спектр представляет собой пропорциональную частоте зависимость набега фазы звуковой волны. Аппроксимируя взаимный фазовый спектр линейной регрессионной моделью, частотную зависимость преобразуют в числовой параметр, с точностью до 2π равный времени пробега звуковой волны. Использование взаимного фазового спектра позволяет исключить субъективный фактор при выборе характерных точек сигнала, контролировать качество эксперимента, значительно повышать помехозащищённость измерений, улучшать статистические характеристики получаемой оценки. Описан эксперимент по опробованию предложенного метода. Найденные оценки скорости звука не уступают по точности эмпирическим формулам и стандартизованным табличным значениям. Полученные результаты будут полезны при дальнейших исследованиях, направленных на повышение точности измерений скорости звука с применением фазоимпульсного метода до точности, предъявляемой к эталонным установкам.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The article considers the issues of increasing the accuracy of sound speed measurements in water actual both for standard installations and small-sized autonomous measuring devices. The methods for estimating the sound wave propagation time when measuring the sound speed using the time-of-flight method with a variable base are discussed. The general disadvantages of these methods are shown: low noise immunity of measurements, a small number of characteristic points of signals used to estimate time intervals, and the subjectivity of their selection. A version of the phase-pulse method is proposed that allows obtaining an integral estimate of the sound wave propagation time. A theoretical justification for the applicability of the method for measuring the sound speed in water is given. The propagation time is estimated by the frequency dependence of the sound wave phase incursion, which is obtained as the difference in phase spectra (cross phase spectrum) of copies of broadband pulses spaced apart in reception time. In the absence of sound dispersion, the cross phase spectrum is a proportional frequency dependence of the phase advance of a sound wave. Approximating the cross phase spectrum with a linear regression model, the frequency dependence is transformed into a numerical parameter, equal to the travel time of a sound wave with an accuracy of 2π.Using the cross phase spectrum allows us to exclude the subjective factor when choosing characteristic points of the signals, control the quality of the experiment, significantly increase the noise immunity of measurements, and improve the statistical characteristics of the resulting estimate. An experiment is described to test the proposed method. The obtained estimates of the speed of sound are not inferior in accuracy to empirical formulas and standardized tabular values. The obtained results will be useful in further research aimed at increasing the accuracy of sound speed measurements using the phase-pulse method to the accuracy required for reference installations.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>скорость звука</kwd><kwd>время пробега звуковой волны</kwd><kwd>времяпролётный метод</kwd><kwd>характерные точки</kwd><kwd>фазоимпульсный метод</kwd><kwd>взаимный фазовый спектр</kwd><kwd>частотная зависимость набега фазы</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>speed of sound</kwd><kwd>sound wave traveling time</kwd><kwd>time-of-flight method</kwd><kwd>characteristic points</kwd><kwd>phase-pulse method</kwd><kwd>cross phase spectrum</kwd><kwd>frequency dependence of phase incursion</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Wayne D. Wilson. 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