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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">izmertech</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Измерительная техника</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Izmeritel`naya Tekhnika</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">0368-1025</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2949-5237</issn><publisher><publisher-name>ФГУП "ВНИИФТРИ"</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.32446/0368-1025it.2025-4-82-93</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">izmertech-2363</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ФИЗИКО-ХИМИЧЕСКИЕ ИЗМЕРЕНИЯ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>PHYSICOCHEMICAL MEASUREMENTS</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Стандартные образцы: выбор алгоритма оценки аттестованного значения и его неопределённости по результатам межлабораторного эксперимента</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Reference materials: selection of algorithm for estimating the certified value and its uncertainty based on the results of an interlaboratory experiment</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8489-2437</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Собина</surname><given-names>Е. П.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Sobina</surname><given-names>E. P.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Егор Павлович Собина </p><p>Екатеринбург </p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Egor P. Sobina </p><p>Yekaterinburg </p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">Sobina_egor@uniim.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0601-0704</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Аронов</surname><given-names>П. М.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Aronov</surname><given-names>P. M.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Пётр Михайлович Аронов </p><p>Екатеринбург </p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Petr M. Aronov </p><p>Yekaterinburg </p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">AronovPM@uniim.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1951-9868</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Мигаль</surname><given-names>П. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Migal</surname><given-names>P. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Павел Вячеславович Мигаль </p><p>Екатеринбург </p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Pavel V. Migal </p><p>Yekaterinburg </p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">mig@uniim.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3363-3133</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Студенок</surname><given-names>В. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Studenok</surname><given-names>V. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Валерия Владимировна Студенок </p><p>Екатеринбург </p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Valeriya V. Studenok </p><p>Yekaterinburg </p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">studenok@uniim.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3084-1612</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Медведевских</surname><given-names>С. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Medvedevskikh</surname><given-names>S. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Сергей Викторович Медведевских </p><p>Санкт-Петербург </p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Sergey V. Medvedevskikh</p><p>St. Petersburg</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">s.v.medvedevskih@vniim.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Уральский научно-исследовательский институт метрологии – филиал Федерального государственного унитарного предприятия «Всероссийский научно-исследовательский институт метрологии им. Д. И. Менделеева»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>UNIIM – Affiliated Branch of the D. I. Mendeleyev Institute for Metrology</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Всероссийский научно-исследовательский институт метрологии им. Д. И. Менделеева</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>D. I. Mendeleyev Institute for Metrology</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2025</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>04</day><month>09</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>74</volume><issue>4</issue><fpage>82</fpage><lpage>93</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; ФГУП "ВНИИФТРИ", 2025</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">ФГУП "ВНИИФТРИ"</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">ФГУП "ВНИИФТРИ"</copyright-holder><license xlink:href="https://www.izmt.ru/jour/about/submissions#copyrightNotice" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>https://www.izmt.ru/jour/about/submissions#copyrightNotice</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.izmt.ru/jour/article/view/2363">https://www.izmt.ru/jour/article/view/2363</self-uri><abstract><p>Применение стандартных образцов – наиболее доступный инструмент обеспечения метрологической прослеживаемости результатов измерений в самых различных отраслях промышленности, а основной критерий выбора стандартного образца – его метрологические характеристики, в том числе неопределённость аттестованного значения и подтверждённая метрологическая прослеживаемость. Одним из источников неопределённости аттестованного значения стандартного образца является выбранный производителем способ его характеризации. Рассмотрен способ характеризации стандартного образца на основании результатов межлабораторного эксперимента с использованием алгоритмов из ГОСТ 8.532-2002 «ГСИ. Стандартные образцы состава веществ и материалов. Порядок межлабораторной аттестации», ISO 33405:2024 “Reference materials – Approaches for characterization and assessment of homogeneity and stability” и других алгоритмов. Проанализирована достоверность оценок неопределённости аттестованного значения стандартного образца по результатам межлабораторного эксперимента. Показано, что в некоторых случаях указанная выше неопределённость аттестованного значения значительно меньше неопределённости методик измерений, применяемых в межлабораторном эксперименте, а в отдельных случаях меньше неопределённости используемых средств калибровки, в том числе стандартных образцов. При этом у разработчиков и производителей стандартных образцов создаётся иллюзия высокой точности характеризации стандартного образца методом межлабораторного эксперимента, сравнимой с методами, основанными на применении эталонов. Описаны случаи необоснованного занижения оценки неопределённости аттестованного значения стандартного образца вследствие различных причин, в том числе вследствие низкой эффективности метода математической обработки результатов межлабораторного эксперимента. Низкая эффективность связана с необоснованным исключением из оценки аттестованного значения стандартного образца результатов, полученных в тех или иных лабораториях. Также оценка неопределённости аттестованного значения стандартного образца может быть необоснованно занижена из-за несоответствия статистической модели, на которой основаны алгоритмы обработки результатов межлабораторного эксперимента, реальным экспериментальным данным. Проанализированы различные алгоритмы оценки аттестованного значения и стандартной неопределённости характеризации стандартного образца по результатам межлабораторного эксперимента. Показано, что для оценки указанной неопределённости с точки зрения высокой устойчивости к выбросам эффективен подход, предложенный Морисом Коксом. На основе этого подхода разработаны оригинальные алгоритмы, которые можно использовать для оценки коммутативности стандартных образцов и для иных целей. Для повышения доверия к результатам определения метрологических характеристик стандартных образцов в Российской Федерации и обеспечения гармонизации с международными документами при пересмотре ГОСТ 8.532-2002 рекомендовано использовать алгоритм Мориса Кокса.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The use of reference materials is the most accessible tool for ensuring metrological traceability of measurement results in various industries, and the main criterion for selecting a reference material is its metrological characteristics, including the uncertainty of the certified value and verified metrological traceability. One of the sources of uncertainty of a reference material is the characterization method selected by the producer. The article describes a method for characterizing a reference material based on the results of an interlaboratory experiment using algorithms from GOST 8.532-2002 “State system for ensuring the uniformity of measurements. Certified reference materials of composition of substances and materials. Interlaboratory metrological certification”, ISO 33405:2024 “Reference materials – Approaches for characterization and assessment of homogeneity and stability” and other documents. The validity of the uncertainty of the certified value of a reference material based on the results of an interlaboratory experiment is analyzed. It is shown that in some cases the above uncertainty of the certified value is significantly lower than the uncertainty of the measurement methods used in the given interlaboratory experiment, and in some cases, it is lower than the uncertainty of the calibrators used, including reference materials. In this case, developers and producers of reference materials have the illusion of high accuracy of reference material characterization by the interlaboratory experiment comparable to methods based on the use of standards. The article describes cases of unreasonable uncertainty underestimation of the certified value of a reference material, for example, due to the so-called “dark uncertainties” of the participants in the interlaboratory experiment, due to the low efficiency of the method of mathematical processing of the interlaboratory experiment results associated with the unreasonable exclusion from the estimation of the certified value of the reference material of the results obtained in certain laboratories, as well as due to the inadequacy of the statistical model underlying the algorithms for processing the results of the interlaboratory experiment to actual experimental data. Various algorithms for estimating the certified value and standard uncertainty from the characterization of a reference material based on the results of an interlaboratory experiment are analyzed. It is shown that the approach proposed by Maurice Cox is effective for estimating the uncertainty from characterization in terms of high resistance to outliers. Based on this approach, the authors of the article have developed their own algorithms that can be used to estimate the commutability of reference materials and for other purposes. In order to increase confidence in the results of determining the metrological characteristics of reference materials in the Russian Federation and to ensure harmonization with international documents, it is recommended to use the Maurice Cox algorithm when revising GOST 8.532-2002.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>стандартный образец</kwd><kwd>межлабораторная аттестация</kwd><kwd>межлабораторный эксперимент</kwd><kwd>алгоритм оценки</kwd><kwd>аттестованное значение</kwd><kwd>неопределённость аттестованного значения</kwd><kwd>способ характеризации</kwd><kwd>метод Монте-Карло</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>reference material</kwd><kwd>interlaboratory certification of RMs</kwd><kwd>interlaboratory experiment</kwd><kwd>evaluation algorithm</kwd><kwd>certified value</kwd><kwd>uncertainty of the certified value</kwd><kwd>the method of characterization</kwd><kwd>Monte-Carlo method</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Исследование выполнено в рамках выполнения работ, связанных с деятельностью Государственной службы стандартных образцов состава и свойств веществ и материалов.</funding-statement><funding-statement xml:lang="en">The study was carried out as part of the work related to the activities of the State service of reference materials for composition and properties of substances and materials.</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Matschat R., Richter S., Vogl J. et al. 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