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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">izmertech</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Измерительная техника</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Izmeritel`naya Tekhnika</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">0368-1025</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2949-5237</issn><publisher><publisher-name>ФГУП "ВНИИФТРИ"</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.32446/0368-1025it.2025-2-55-63</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">izmertech-2317</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ИЗМЕРЕНИЯ В ИНФОРМАЦИОННЫХ ТЕХНОЛОГИЯХ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>MEASUREMENTS IN INFORMATION TECHNOLOGIES</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Решение метрологических водно-экологических задач методами нечёткой логики</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Solution of metrological water-ecological problems using fuzzy logic methods</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6261-6060</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Розенталь</surname><given-names>О. М.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Rozenta</surname><given-names>O. M.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Олег Моисеевич Розенталь</p><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Oleg M. Rozenta</p><p>Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">omro3@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8395-6849</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Федотов</surname><given-names>В. Х.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Fedotov</surname><given-names>V. Kh.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Владислав Харитонович Федотов</p><p>Чебоксары</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Vladislav Kh. Fedotov</p><p>Cheboksary</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">fvh@inbox.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Институт водных проблем Российской академии наук</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Water Problems Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Чувашский государственный университет им. И.Н. Ульянова</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>I.N. Ulyanov Chuvash State University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2025</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>06</day><month>06</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>74</volume><issue>2</issue><fpage>55</fpage><lpage>63</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; ФГУП "ВНИИФТРИ", 2025</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">ФГУП "ВНИИФТРИ"</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">ФГУП "ВНИИФТРИ"</copyright-holder><license xlink:href="https://www.izmt.ru/jour/about/submissions#copyrightNotice" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>https://www.izmt.ru/jour/about/submissions#copyrightNotice</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.izmt.ru/jour/article/view/2317">https://www.izmt.ru/jour/article/view/2317</self-uri><abstract><p>Для уменьшения количества ошибочных водохозяйственных решений необходимо достаточно строгое метрологическое обеспечение исследований состава и свойств природных вод. Использование при этом стандартных методов требует расширения объёмов гидрологического мониторинга и увеличения точности получаемых данных с целью обеспечения их репрезентативности, включая способность отражать общие тенденции и переносить итоги исследования на более широкий круг объектов. В качестве возможной альтернативы стандартным методам предложено анализировать накопленную измерительную информацию с помощью нечёткой логики. Разработана и апробирована методика применения методов и математического аппарата нечёткой (многозначной) логики для решения метрологических водно-экологических задач на примере оценки качества воды. Методами нечёткой логики исследовано влияние четырёх факторов-причин «Выщелачивание», «Выветривание и осадки», «Антропогенные сбросы», «Самоочищение» на фактор-следствие «Понижение качества воды против фонового» в пятиуровневой шкале Харрингтона, принятой при экспертно-статистическом оценивании. С использованием пакета программных средств MatLab, включающего модуль Fuzzy Logic, получены прогнозы изменения качества воды в зависимости от четырёх факторов. Методика оценки качества природной воды апробирована на конкретном примере настройки нечёткой системы оценки качества воды. Установлено, что риски ошибок хотя существуют, однако они значительно уменьшены путём учёта плохо формализуемой лингвистической информации экспертов-гидрологов. Показана возможность применения методики для априорной оценки вероятных последствий изменения влияющих факторов на снижение качества воды и принятия превентивных мер оптимизации работы системы водопользования.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>In order to reduce the number of erroneous water management decisions, it is necessary to have sufficiently strict metrological support for studies of the composition and properties of natural waters. The use of standard methods requires expanding the scope of hydromonitoring and increasing the accuracy of the data obtained in order to ensure their representativeness, including the ability to refl ect general trends and transfer the results of the study to a wider range of objects. As a possible alternative to standard methods, it is proposed to analyze the accumulated measurement information using fuzzy logic. A methodology for applying the methods and mathematical apparatus of fuzzy (multi-valued) logic to solve metrological water-ecological problems has been developed and tested using the example of water quality assessment. Using fuzzy logic methods, the infl uence of four cause factors “Leaching”, “Weathering and sedimentation”, “Anthropogenic discharges”, “Self-purification” on the effect factor “Decrease in water quality against background” in the fi ve-level Harrington scale adopted in expert statistical assessment was studied. Using the software package of fuzzy logic MatLab Fuzzy Logic, forecasts of changes in water quality depending on four factors were obtained. The method of assessing the quality of natural water was tested on a specific example of setting up a fuzzy system for assessing water quality.</p><p>It was found that the risks of errors still exist, but they were significantly reduced by taking into account poorly formalized linguistic information from expert hydrologists. The possibility of using the method for an a priori assessment of the probable consequences of changes in factors infl uencing the decline in water quality and taking preventive measures to optimize the operation of the water use system was shown.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>качество воды</kwd><kwd>измерительный контроль</kwd><kwd>нечёткая логика</kwd><kwd>функция принадлежности</kwd><kwd>экспертные оценки</kwd><kwd>база нечётких правил</kwd><kwd>конструктор нечётких объектов</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>water quality</kwd><kwd>measurement control</kwd><kwd>fuzzy logic</kwd><kwd>membership function</kwd><kwd>expert assessments</kwd><kwd>fuzzy rule base</kwd><kwd>fuzzy object designer</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Работа выполнена в рамках темы № FMWZ-2025-0002 Государственного задания Института водных проблем Российской академии наук</funding-statement><funding-statement xml:lang="en">The work was carried out within the framework of topic no. 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