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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">izmertech</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Измерительная техника</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Izmeritel`naya Tekhnika</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">0368-1025</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2949-5237</issn><publisher><publisher-name>ФГУП "ВНИИФТРИ"</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.32446/0368-1025it.2025-2-97-105</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">izmertech-2292</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>МЕДИЦИНСКИЕ И БИОЛОГИЧЕСКИЕ ИЗМЕРЕНИЯ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>MEDICAL AND BIOLOGICAL MEASUREMENTS</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Метод оптической дифференциальной томографии для измерений морфологических и физиологических параметров эритроцитов</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Optical differential tomography method for measuring morphological and physiological parameters of erythrocytes</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0005-5522-3652</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Павлов</surname><given-names>А. Н.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Pavlov</surname><given-names>A. N.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Александр Николаевич Павлов - Кафедра общей и экспериментальной физики Физико-технического университета.</p><p>Якутск</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Alexander N. Pavlov</p><p>Yakutsk</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">Alpavlov090@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Левин</surname><given-names>Г. Г.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Levin</surname><given-names>G. G.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Геннадий Генрихович Левин</p><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Gennady G. Levin</p><p>Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">levin@vniiofi.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2017-9808</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Самойленко</surname><given-names>А. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Samoylenko</surname><given-names>A. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Алексей Андреевич Самойленко</p><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Alexey A. Samoylenko</p><p>Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">3asamoylenko@vniiofi.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Максимов</surname><given-names>Г. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Maksimov</surname><given-names>G. N.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Георгий Владимирович Максимов</p><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Georgy V. Maksimov</p><p>Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">gmaksimov@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Северо-Восточный федеральный университет им. М.К. Аммосова</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>M.K. Ammosov North-Eastern Federal University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Всероссийский научно-исследовательский институт оптико-физических измерений</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>All-Russian Research Institute for Optical and Physical Measurements</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-3"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Московский государственный университет им М.В. Ломоносова</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Lomonosov Moscow State University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2025</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>06</day><month>06</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>74</volume><issue>2</issue><fpage>97</fpage><lpage>105</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; ФГУП "ВНИИФТРИ", 2025</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">ФГУП "ВНИИФТРИ"</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">ФГУП "ВНИИФТРИ"</copyright-holder><license xlink:href="https://www.izmt.ru/jour/about/submissions#copyrightNotice" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>https://www.izmt.ru/jour/about/submissions#copyrightNotice</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.izmt.ru/jour/article/view/2292">https://www.izmt.ru/jour/article/view/2292</self-uri><abstract><p>Приведён обзор применения методов оптической томографии в области биологических и физико-химических исследований. Описаны возможности существующих методов. Однако возможности оптической томографии при исследовании клеточной биологии ещё не до конца изучены. В настоящее время большое внимание уделяется исследованиям с помощью оптической томографии клеток крови, в частности эритроцитов. Разработан метод исследования перераспределения молекул гемоглобина в одиночных нативных эритроцитах при изменении осмолярности среды. Метод основан на принципах дифференциальной оптической томографии и её модификаций. Данный метод позволяет получать информацию об изменении морфологических и физиологических параметров клеток в реальном времени без использования экзогенных меток в качестве контраста для визуализации. Предложен оригинальный алгоритм обработки данных дифференциальной томографии: восстановление фазовых изображений отдельных эритроцитов. В результате обработки данных получены трёхмерные изображения изменений показателя преломления в течение двух часов экспозиции эритроцита в гипоосмолярной среде. Рассчитаны некоторые параметры клеток, включая морфологию и сухую массу белков, и их изменения в среде в условиях, отличных от нормальных физиологических условий in vivo. Показаны изменения морфологии клеток, уменьшение сухой массы, получены трёхмерные карты распределения внутриклеточного гемоглобина. Обнаружено, что существенные изменения показателя преломления в цитоплазме эритроцита при изменении тоничности раствора наблюдаются в примембранном слое. Данный метод может найти применение в прикладных исследованиях в области биологии и медицины для оценки общих физических свойств различных клеток в нормальных или аномальных условиях, включая клетки крови, бактерии, нейроны, водоросли, раковые клетки и т. д.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>An overview of the application of optical tomography methods in the fi eld of biological and physicochemical research is given. The capabilities of existing methods are described. However, the capabilities of optical tomography in the study of cell biology have not yet been fully explored. At present, much attention is paid to the study of blood cells, in particular erythrocytes, using optical tomography. A method for studying the redistribution of hemoglobin molecules in single native erythrocytes with a change in the osmolarity of the medium has been developed. The method is based on the principles of differential optical tomography and its modifications. This method allows obtaining information on changes in morphological and physiological parameters of cells in real time without using exogenous labels as a contrast for visualization. An original algorithm for processing differential tomography data is proposed: restoration of phase images of individual erythrocytes. As a result of data processing, three-dimensional images of changes in the refractive index during two hours of exposure of the erythrocyte in a hypoosmolar medium are obtained. Several cell parameters, including morphology and dry mass of proteins, and their changes in the medium under conditions different from normal physiological conditions in vivo were calculated. Changes in cell morphology, a decrease in dry mass, and three-dimensional maps of intracellular hemoglobin distribution were obtained. It was found that significant changes in the refractive index in the erythrocyte cytoplasm with a change in the tonicity of the solution are observed in the nearmembrane layer. This method can find application in applied research in biology and medicine to assess the general physical properties of various cells under normal or abnormal conditions, including blood cells, bacteria, neurons, algae, cancer cells, etc.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>эритроциты</kwd><kwd>оптическая дифференциальная томография</kwd><kwd>фазовое изображение</kwd><kwd>трёхмерная визуализация</kwd><kwd>морфология</kwd><kwd>показатель преломления клетки</kwd><kwd>гемоглобин</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>erythrocytes</kwd><kwd>optical differential tomography</kwd><kwd>phase imaging</kwd><kwd>three-dimensional visualization</kwd><kwd>morphology</kwd><kwd>refractive index of the cell</kwd><kwd>hemoglobin</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Исследование выполнено в рамках государственного задания МГУ имени М. В. Ломоносова и государственного задания № FSRG-2024-0002 «Междисциплинарные исследования и разработки в области медицины, палеонтологии и экологии с применением радиационных технологий»</funding-statement><funding-statement xml:lang="en">The study was conducted under the state assignment of Lomonosov Moscow State University and state assignment № FSRG2024-0002 for interdisciplinary research and development in the fi elds of medicine, paleontology, and ecology using radiation technologies</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Kim K., Guck J. The relative densities of cytoplasm and nuclear compartments are robust against strong perturbation. Biophysical Journal, 119(10), 1946–1957 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bpj.2020.08.044; https://elibrary.ru/xbmvse</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kim K., Guck J. 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