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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">izmertech</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Измерительная техника</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Izmeritel`naya Tekhnika</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">0368-1025</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2949-5237</issn><publisher><publisher-name>ФГУП "ВНИИФТРИ"</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.32446/0368-1025it.2024-12-7-13</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">izmertech-2217</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ГОСУДАРСТВЕННЫЕ ЭТАЛОНЫ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>STATE STANDARDS</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Государственный первичный эталон твёрдости по шкалам Виккерса и шкалам Кнупа ГЭТ 31-2024</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>State primary standard machine on Vickers and Knoop hardness scales GET 31-2024</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0239-3138</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Асланян</surname><given-names>А. Э.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Aslanyan</surname><given-names>A. E.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Андрей Эдуардович Асланян</p><p>г. п. Менделеево, Московская обл.</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Andrey E. Aslanyan</p><p>Mendeleevo, Moscow region</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">andrey_aslanyan@vniiftri.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Асланян</surname><given-names>Э. Г.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Aslanyan</surname><given-names>E. G.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Эдуард Георгиевич Асланян</p><p>г. п. Менделеево, Московская обл.</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Edward G. Aslanyan</p><p>Mendeleevo, Moscow region</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">aslanyan@vniiftri.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Пилипенко</surname><given-names>Д. Н.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Pilipenko</surname><given-names>D. N.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Демьян Николаевич Пилипенко</p><p>г. п. Менделеево, Московская обл.</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Demyan N. Pilipenko</p><p>Mendeleevo, Moscow region</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">pilipenko_dn@vniiftri.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Швыдун</surname><given-names>В. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Shvydun</surname><given-names>V. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Владимир Владимирович Швыдун</p><p>г. п. Менделеево, Московская обл.</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Vladimir V. Shvydun</p><p>Mendeleevo, Moscow region</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">shvydun@vniiftri.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Щипунов</surname><given-names>А. Н.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Shchipunov</surname><given-names>A. N.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Андрей Николаевич Щипунов</p><p>г. п. Менделеево, Московская обл.</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Andrey N. Shchipunov</p><p>Mendeleevo, Moscow region</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">ans@vniiftri.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Юров</surname><given-names>Л. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Yurov</surname><given-names>L. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Лев Васильевич Юров</p><p>г. п. Менделеево, Московская обл.</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Lev V. Yurov</p><p>Mendeleevo, Moscow region</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">lev@vniiftri.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Всероссийский научно-исследовательский институт физико-технических и радиотехнических измерений</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Russian Metrological Institute of Technical Physics and Radio Engineering</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2024</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>13</day><month>01</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>73</volume><issue>12</issue><issue-title>Юбилей ВНИИФТРИ - 70 лет</issue-title><fpage>7</fpage><lpage>13</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Асланян А.Э., Асланян Э.Г., Пилипенко Д.Н., Швыдун В.В., Щипунов А.Н., Юров Л.В., 2025</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Асланян А.Э., Асланян Э.Г., Пилипенко Д.Н., Швыдун В.В., Щипунов А.Н., Юров Л.В.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Aslanyan A.E., Aslanyan E.G., Pilipenko D.N., Shvydun V.V., Shchipunov A.N., Yurov L.V.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.izmt.ru/jour/article/view/2217">https://www.izmt.ru/jour/article/view/2217</self-uri><abstract><p>Приведены результаты исследований, направленных на обеспечение единства измерений твёрдости по шкалам Виккерса и по шкалам Кнупа. Рассчитаны составляющие случайной и систематической погрешности воспроизведения чисел твёрдости Виккерса HV в диапазоне 2000–5000 и чисел твёрдости Кнупа HK в диапазоне 17–2500. Исследования обусловлены, во-первых, тем, что твёрдость керамик, применяемых в промышленности и медицине, больше 2000 HV, и измерения твёрдости по шкалам Виккерса изделий из указанных керамик не прослеживались к Государственному первичному специальному эталону твёрдости металлов по шкалам Виккерса ГЭТ 31-2010. Во-вторых, отпечаток наконечника Виккерса имеет квадратную форму, поэтому при измерениях твёрдости на ограниченном участке поверхности, например вблизи сварного шва, один из углов отпечатка выходит за границы измеряемой зоны, что приводит к некорректной оценке твёрдости исследуемого участка поверхности. Метод Кнупа, реализуемый с применением наконечника, основание которого выполнено в виде ромба с одной короткой стороной, решает проблему корректного исследования твёрдости на ограниченном участке поверхности. Разработана и включена в состав Государственного первичного эталона твёрдости по шкалам Виккерса и шкалам Кнупа ГЭТ 31-2024 эталонная установка, позволяющая воспроизводить числа твёрдости Виккерса HV в диапазоне 2000–5000 и числа твёрдости Кнупа в диапазоне 17–2500. Таким образом, обеспечена прослеживаемость результатов измерений, полученных с применением твердомеров, к ГЭТ 31-2024. Исследованы метрологические характеристики ГЭТ 31-2024. Применение прослеживаемых к ГЭТ 31-2024 твердомеров позволяет точно оценивать механические свойства   новых   материалов,   прогнозировать   эксплуатационные   характеристики   изделий из новых материалов, повысить достоверность контроля твёрдости изделий.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The results of research aimed at ensuring the uniformity of hardness measurements according to the Vickers and Knoop scales, reproduction of Vickers hardness numbers HV in the range 2000–5000 and Knoop hardness numbers HK in the range 17–2500. The research is due, firstly, to the fact that the hardness of ceramics used in industry and medicine is more than 2000 HV, and hardness measurements on the Vickers scales of products made of these ceramics were not traced to the State primary special standard for metal hardness on the Vickers GET 31-2010 scales. Secondly, the Vickers tip print has a square shape, therefore, when measuring hardness on a limited area of the surface, for example near a weld, one of the corners of the print goes beyond the boundaries of the measured zone, which leads to an incorrect assessment of the hardness of the studied surface area. The Knoop method, implemented using a tip, the base of which is made in the form of a diamond with one short side, solves the problem of correct hardness testing on a limited area of the surface. A reference installation has been investigated and included in the State primary hardness standard according to the Vickers and Knoop scales GET 31-2024, which allows reproducing the Vickers hardness numbers HV in the range 2000–5000 and the Knoop hardness numbers. Thus, the traceability of measurement results obtained using hardness testers to GET 31-2024 is ensured. The metrological characteristics of GET 31-2024 have been studied. The use of hardness testers traceable to GET 31-2024 makes it possible to accurately assess the mechanical properties of new materials, predict the performance characteristics of products made of new materials, and increase the reliability of product hardness control.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>числа твёрдости Виккерса</kwd><kwd>числа твёрдости Кнупа</kwd><kwd>государственный первичный эталон</kwd><kwd>государственная поверочная схема</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>Vickers hardness numbers</kwd><kwd>Knoop hardness numbers</kwd><kwd>national primary standard machine</kwd><kwd>national hierarchy scheme</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">А. С. Дойников (ред.). Лекции по метрологии. ФГУП «ВНИИФТРИ», Менделеево (2018).</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Doynikov A. S. (eds). Lectures on metrology. 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