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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">izmertech</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Измерительная техника</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Izmeritel`naya Tekhnika</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">0368-1025</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2949-5237</issn><publisher><publisher-name>ФГУП "ВНИИФТРИ"</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.32446/0368-1025it.2024-5-26-34</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">izmertech-2148</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОПТИКО-ФИЗИЧЕСКИЕ ИЗМЕРЕНИЯ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>OPTICOPHYSICAL MEASUREMENTS</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Национальные эталоны единицы оптической плотности: принципы построения оптических схем, конструктивные и метрологические характеристики</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>National standards of optical density units: principles of optical scheme design, constructive and metrological characteristics</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2331-3267</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Марченко</surname><given-names>С. Н.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>MARCHENKO</surname><given-names>S. N.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Сергей Николаевич Марченко, ведущий научный сотрудник</p><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Sergey N. Marchenko</p><p>Moscow</p><p> </p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">marchenko@vniiofi.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Всероссийский научно-исследовательский институт оптико-физических измерений</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>All-Russian Research Institute for Optical and Physical Measurements</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2024</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>10</day><month>06</month><year>2024</year></pub-date><volume>0</volume><issue>5</issue><fpage>26</fpage><lpage>34</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; ФГУП "ВНИИФТРИ", 2024</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2024</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">ФГУП "ВНИИФТРИ"</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">ФГУП "ВНИИФТРИ"</copyright-holder><license xlink:href="https://www.izmt.ru/jour/about/submissions#copyrightNotice" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>https://www.izmt.ru/jour/about/submissions#copyrightNotice</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.izmt.ru/jour/article/view/2148">https://www.izmt.ru/jour/article/view/2148</self-uri><abstract><p>Описано современное состояние метрологического обеспечения прецизионных измерений оптической плотности. С целью анализа принципов построения оптических схем, структурных, конструктивных и функциональных особенностей блоков, входящих в состав эталонов, и метрологических характеристик национальных эталонов единицы оптической плотности рассмотрены высокоточные средства измерений оптической плотности, разработанные национальными метрологическими институтами России, Германии, Китая, США. Приведены уравнения измерений оптической плотности, являющиеся математической моделью процесса измерения оптической плотности материалов в проходящем свете. Описаны принципы работы эталонов единицы оптической плотности в проходящем свете на основе фильтрации светового потока. Представлены данные исследований геометрических и спектральных характеристик пяти национальных эталонов единицы оптической плотности четырёх стран, а также проанализированы оптические схемы и характеристики эталонов по следующим направлениям: соответствие международным стандартам; особенности оптических схем; способы фильтрации светового потока и создания рассеянного излучения; особенности позиционирования объекта; тип приёмника излучения; метрологические характеристики. Приведены сведения об участии национальных эталонов в международных сличениях. Метрологические характеристики указанных национальных эталонов сведены в таблицу. Учёт и использование рассмотренных особенностей оптических схем, конструктивных решений в совокупности с метрологическими характеристиками описанных приборов способствует повышению уровня разработок при совершенствовании Государственного первичного эталона единицы оптической плотности ГЭТ 206-2016.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The current state of metrological support for precision optical density measurements is described. In order to analyze the principles of building optical schemes, structural, constructive and functional features of the blocks included in the standards, and metrological characteristics of national standards of optical density units, high-precision optical density measuring instruments developed by national metrological institutes of Russia, Germany, China, and the USA are considered. The equations of optical density measurements are presented, which are a mathematical model of the process of measuring the optical transmittance density of materials. The principles of operation of optical transmittance density unit standards based on light fl   fi ration are described. The data of studies of geometric and spectral characteristics of fi national standards of optical density units of four countries are presented, as well as optical schemes and characteristics of standards in the following areas are analyzed: compliance with international standards; features of optical schemes; methods of fi the luminous fl and creating scattered radiation; features of object positioning; type of radiation receiver; metrological characteristics. Information is provided on the participation of national standards in international comparisons. The metrological characteristics of these national standards are summarized in a table. Taking into account and using the considered features of optical schemes, design solutions in conjunction with the metrological characteristics of the described devices contributes to an increase in the level of development while improving the State primary standard of the unit of optical density GET 206-2016.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>оптическая плотность</kwd><kwd>диффузная оптическая плотность в проходящем свете</kwd><kwd>национальный эталон</kwd><kwd>единица оптической плотности</kwd><kwd>метрологические характеристики</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>optical density</kwd><kwd>diffuse optical transmittance density</kwd><kwd>national standard</kwd><kwd>optical density units</kwd><kwd>metrological characteristics</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Early E. A., O’Brian T. R., Saunders R. D., Parr A. C. 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