<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.3 20210610//EN" "JATS-journalpublishing1-3.dtd">
<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">izmertech</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Измерительная техника</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Izmeritel`naya Tekhnika</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">0368-1025</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2949-5237</issn><publisher><publisher-name>ФГУП "ВНИИФТРИ"</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.32446/0368-1025it.2024-1-4-11</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">izmertech-2123</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ГОСУДАРСТВЕННЫЕ ЭТАЛОНЫ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>STATE STANDARDS</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Государственный первичный специальный эталон единицы ускорения в области гравиметрии ГЭТ 190-2023: воспроизведение и передача единицы в условиях воздействия геофизических факторов</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>State primary special standard of acceleration unit in the field of gravimetry GET 190-2023: reproduction and transmission of the unit under the influence of geophysical factors</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Витушкин</surname><given-names>Л. Ф.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Vitushkin</surname><given-names>L. F.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Витушкин Леонид Федорович</p><p>Санкт-Петербург</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Leonid F. Vitushkin</p><p>St. Petersburg</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0005-4117-8627</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Кривцов</surname><given-names>Е. П.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Krivtsov</surname><given-names>E. P.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Кривцов Евгений Петрович</p><p>Санкт-Петербург</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Evgeny P. Krivtsov</p><p>St. Petersburg</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">e.p.krivtsov@vniim.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Кролицкий</surname><given-names>П. П.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Krolitsky</surname><given-names>P. P.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Кролицкий Павел Павлович </p><p>Санкт-Петербург</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Pavel P. Krolitsky</p><p>St. Petersburg</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Наливаев</surname><given-names>В. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Nalivaev</surname><given-names>V. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Наливаев Владимир Владимирович </p><p>Санкт-Петербург</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Vladimir V. Nalivaev </p><p>St. Petersburg</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Орлов</surname><given-names>О. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Orlov</surname><given-names>O. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Орлов Олег Александрович </p><p>Санкт-Петербург</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Oleg A. Orlov</p><p>St. Petersburg</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Халеев</surname><given-names>М. М.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Haleev</surname><given-names>M. M.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Халеев Михаил Михайлович </p><p>Санкт-Петербург</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Mihail M. Haleev</p><p>St. Petersburg</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Всероссийский научно-исследовательский институт метрологии им. Д. И. Менделеева</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>D. I. Mendeleev Institute for Metrology</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2024</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>08</day><month>03</month><year>2024</year></pub-date><volume>0</volume><issue>1</issue><fpage>4</fpage><lpage>11</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Витушкин Л.Ф., Кривцов Е.П., Кролицкий П.П., Наливаев В.В., Орлов О.А., Халеев М.М., 2024</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2024</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Витушкин Л.Ф., Кривцов Е.П., Кролицкий П.П., Наливаев В.В., Орлов О.А., Халеев М.М.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Vitushkin L.F., Krivtsov E.P., Krolitsky P.P., Nalivaev V.V., Orlov O.A., Haleev M.M.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.izmt.ru/jour/article/view/2123">https://www.izmt.ru/jour/article/view/2123</self-uri><abstract><p>Актуальность исследований воспроизведения и передачи единицы ускорения в гравиметрии определяется развитием средств измерений абсолютного ускорения свободного падения и его изменений. Качественные и количественные изменения приборной базы обусловлены расширением области практического применения абсолютных гравиметров и требованиями прикладных задач, решаемых с использованием гравиметрических данных в таких областях, как геодезия, навигация, геодинамика. Для решения прикладных задач наряду с требованиями по точности на уровне, близком к предельно достижимому на современном уровне развития техники, зачастую необходим максимальный территориальный охват мест измерений на территории Российской Федерации. Точность результатов, полученных с помощью средств измерений, определяется их метрологическим обеспечением, основными этапами которого являются воспроизведение соответствующей единицы эталоном и её передача средству измерений. Анализ возможных источников погрешностей гравиметрической аппаратуры показал, что при воспроизведении и передаче единицы ускорения в гравиметрии необходимо учитывать влияние геофизических факторов, проявляющихся как дополнительные ускорения гравитационной или инерционной природы. Распределение гравитационного поля в пределах гравиметрического пункта может обнаруживаться как дополнительное постоянное ускорение. Сейсмические процессы и лунно-солнечные приливы проявляются как переменные ускорения. Для различных этапов метрологического обеспечения гравиметрических приборов исследованы механизмы воздействия таких ускорений, а также разработаны методы их учёта и уменьшения влияния с использованием дополнительной аппаратуры. В состав Государственного первичного специального эталона единицы ускорения в области гравиметрии ГЭТ 190-2023 введены дополнительный гравиметрический пункт с криогенным относительным гравиметром и широкополосным сейсмометром, а также транспортируемые абсолютный баллистический и относительный кварцевый гравиметры.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The relevance of research on the reproduction and transmission of the acceleration unit in gravimetry is determined by the development of measuring instruments for the absolute value of the acceleration of free fall and its changes. Qualitative and quantitative changes in the instrument base are due to the requirements of applied tasks solved using gravimetric data in such fields as geodesy, navigation, geodynamics, as well as the expansion of the field of practical application of absolute gravimeters. At the same time, in order to solve applied problems, along with accuracy requirements at a level close to the maximum achievable at the current level of technology development, maximum territorial coverage of measurement sites within the entire territory of the Russian Federation is often necessary. The accuracy of the results obtained with the help of measuring instruments is determined by the level of their metrological support, the main stages of which are the reproduction of the corresponding unit by the standard and its transfer to the measuring instrument. An analysis of possible sources of errors in gravimetric equipment has shown that when reproducing and transmitting the acceleration unit in gravimetry, it is necessary to take into account the influence of geophysical factors that manifest themselves as additional accelerations of a gravitational or inertial nature. The distribution of the gravitational field within a gravimetric point can manifest itself as an additional constant acceleration. Seismic processes and lunar and solar tides manifest themselves as variable accelerations. For various stages of metrological support of gravimetric devices, the mechanisms of the effects of such accelerations have been studied, as well as methods for accounting and reducing their influence using additional equipment have been developed. An additional gravimetric point with a cryogenic relative gravimeter and a broadband seismometer, as well as transported absolute ballistic and relative quartz gravimeters, were introduced into the State primary special standard of acceleration units in the field of gravimetry GET 190-2023.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>гравиметрия</kwd><kwd>ускорение свободного падения</kwd><kwd>лунно-солнечные приливы</kwd><kwd>гравиметрический пункт</kwd><kwd>абсолютный баллистический гравиметр</kwd><kwd>криогенный гравиметр</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>gravimetry</kwd><kwd>gravitational acceleration</kwd><kwd>lunisolar tides</kwd><kwd>gravimetric point</kwd><kwd>absolute ballistic gravimeter</kwd><kwd>cryogenic gravimeter</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Hartmut W., Bonvalot S., Falk R., Gabalda G., Mäkinen J., Pálinkáš V., Rülke A., Vitushkin L. Status of the International Gravity Reference System and Frame. Journal of Geodesy, 95, 7 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00190-020-01438-9</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Hartmut W., Bonvalot S., Falk R., Gabalda G., Mäkinen J., Pálinkáš V., Rülke A., Vitushkin L. Status of the International Gravity Reference System and Frame. Journal of Geodesy, 95, 7 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00190-020-01438-9</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit2"><label>2</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Niehnuer M., Sasagawa G. S., Fuller J. E., Hilt R., Klopping F. A. New Generation of Absolute Gravimeters. Metrologia, 32(3), 159 (1995). https://doi.org/10.1088/0026-1394/32/3/004</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Niehnuer M., Sasagawa G. S., Fuller J. E., Hilt R., Klopping F. A. New Generation of Absolute Gravimeters. Metrologia, 32(3), 159 (1995). https://doi.org/10.1088/0026-1394/32/3/004</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit3"><label>3</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Витушкин Л. Ф., Карпешин Ф. Ф., Кривцов Е. П., Кролицкий П. П., Наливаев В. В, Орлов О. А., Халеев М. М. Государственный первичный специальный эталон ускорения для гравиметрии ГЭТ 10-2019. Измерительная техника, (7), 3–8 (2020). https://doi.org/10.32446/0368-1025it/2020-7-3-8</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Vitushkin L. F., Karpeshin F. F., Krivtsov E. P., Krolitsky P. P., Nalivaev V. V., Orlov O. A., Khaleev M. M. State Primary Special Standard GET 190-2019 for Acceleration in Gravimetry. Measurement Techniques, 63(7), 513–519 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11018-020-01817-w</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit4"><label>4</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Nagornyi V. D., Zanimonskiy Y. M., Zanimonskiy Y. Y., Correction due to the finite speed of light in absolute gravimeters. Metrologia, 48(3), 101 (2011). https://doi.org/10.1088/0026-1394/48/3/004</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Nagornyi V. D., Zanimonskiy Y. M., Zanimonskiy Y. Y., Correction due to the finite speed of light in absolute gravimeters. Metrologia, 48(3), 101 (2011). https://doi.org/10.1088/0026-1394/48/3/004</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit5"><label>5</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Qin Luo, Le-Le Chen, Heng Zhang, Xiao-Chun Duan, Cheng-Gang Shao, Zhong-Kun Hu, Min-Kang Zhou. The effect due to imperfect optical surface of test mass in laser interferometry absolute gravimeters. Physica Scripta, 94(12), 125007 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1088/1402-4896/ab3b98</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Qin Luo, Le-Le Chen, Heng Zhang, Xiao-Chun Duan, Cheng-Gang Shao, Zhong-Kun Hu, Min-Kang Zhou. The effect due to imperfect optical surface of test mass in laser interferometry absolute gravimeters. Physica Scripta, 94(12), 125007 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1088/1402-4896/ab3b98</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit6"><label>6</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Vitushkin L., Becker M., Jiang Z. et al. Results of the Sixth International Comparison of Absolute Gravimeters, ICAG2001. Metrologia, 39(5), 407–424 (2002). http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0026-1394/39/5/2</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Vitushkin L., Becker M., Jiang Z. et al. Results of the Sixth International Comparison of Absolute Gravimeters, ICAG2001. Metrologia, 39(5), 407–424 (2002). http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0026-1394/39/5/2</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit7"><label>7</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Shuqing Wu, Jinyang Feng, Chunjian Li, Duowu Su, Qiyu Wang, Ruo Hu &amp; Lishuang Mou. The results of 10th International Comparison of Absolute Gravimeters (ICAG 2017). Journal of Geodesy, 95, 63 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00190-021-01517-5</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Shuqing Wu, Jinyang Feng, Chunjian Li, Duowu Su, Qiyu Wang, Ruo Hu &amp; Lishuang Mou. The results of 10th International Comparison of Absolute Gravimeters (ICAG 2017). Journal of Geodesy, 95, 63 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00190-021-01517-5</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit8"><label>8</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Křen P., Pálinkáš V. Estimation of the effective wave number for a collimated beam in an interferometer, case study for FG5/X absolute gravimeters. Applied Optics, 61(7), 1811–1817 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1364/AO.451498</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Křen P., Pálinkáš V. Estimation of the effective wave number for a collimated beam in an interferometer, case study for FG5/X absolute gravimeters. Applied Optics, 61(7), 1811–1817 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1364/AO.451498</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit9"><label>9</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Конешов В. Н., Дробышев Н. В., Сермягин Р. А., Разинькова Е. П. Результаты оценки абсолютных гравиметрических измерений на фундаментальном гравиметрическом пункте «Ледово» и гравиметрической сети России первого класса. Физика Земли, (6), 199–206 (2023). https://elibrary.ru/mzfcad</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Koneshov V. N., Drobyshev N. V., Sermyagin R. A., Razinkova E. P. Results of evaluation of absolute gravimetric measurements at the fundamental gravimetric point “Ledovo” and the gravimetric network of Russia of the fi rst class. Physics of the Earth, (6), 199–206 (2023). (In Russ.) https://doi.org/1031857/S0002333723060091</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit10"><label>10</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Jiang Z., Becker M., Francis O. et al. Relative Gravity Measurement Campaign during the 7th International Comparison of Absolute Gravimeters (2005). Metrologia, 46(3), 214–226 (2009). http://doi.org/10.1088/0026-1394/46/3/008</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Jiang Z., Becker M., Francis O. et al. Relative Gravity Measurement Campaign during the 7th International Comparison of Absolute Gravimeters (2005). Metrologia, 46(3), 214–226 (2009). http://doi.org/10.1088/0026-1394/46/3/008</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit11"><label>11</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Becker M., Balestri L., Bartell R. et al. Microgravimetric measurements at the 1994 International Absolute Gravimeter Intercomparison in Sèvres, France. Metrologia, 32(3), 145–152 (1995). https://doi.org/10.1088/0026-1394/32/3/002</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Becker M., Balestri L., Bartell R. et al. Microgravimetric measurements at the 1994 International Absolute Gravimeter Intercomparison in Sèvres, France. Metrologia, 32(3), 145–152 (1995). https://doi.org/10.1088/0026-1394/32/3/002</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit12"><label>12</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Абрамов Д. В., Бебнев А. С., Бычков С. Г., Горожанцев С. В., Герман В. И., Дробышев М. Н., Конешов В. Н., Красилов С. А., Овчаренко А. В., Юшкин В. Д. Одна из возможных причин синхронных континентальных микросейсм северной Евразии. Физика Земли, (4), 123–131 (2020). https://doi.org/10.31857/S000233372004002X</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Abramov D. V., Bebnev A. S., Bychkov S. G., Gorozhantsev S. V., German V. I., Drobyshev M. N., Koneshov V. N., Krasilov S. A., Ovcharenko A. V., Yushkin V. D. One probable cause of synchronous continental microseisms in Northern Eurasia. Izvestiya, Physics of the Solid Earth, 56(4), 550–557 (2020). https://doi.org/10.31857/S000233372004002X</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit13"><label>13</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Абрамов Д. В., Дробышев М. Н., Конешов В. Н. Уточнение значений дельта-фактора на фундаментальном гравиметрическом пункте «Долгое Ледово». Физика Земли, (1), 84–87 (2013). https://elibrary.ru/pnqhlr</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Abramov D. V., Drobyshev M. N., Koneshov V. N. Specifying the values of delta factor for the Dolgoe Ledovo permanent gravity station. Izvestiya, Physics of The Solid Earth, 49(1), 80–82 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1134/S1069351313010011</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref></ref-list><fn-group><fn fn-type="conflict"><p>The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.</p></fn></fn-group></back></article>
