<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.3 20210610//EN" "JATS-journalpublishing1-3.dtd">
<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">izmertech</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Измерительная техника</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Izmeritel`naya Tekhnika</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">0368-1025</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2949-5237</issn><publisher><publisher-name>ФГУП "ВНИИФТРИ"</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.32446/0368-1025it.2023-7-4-8</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">izmertech-1965</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ГОСУДАРСТВЕННЫЕ ЭТАЛОНЫ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>STATE STANDARDS</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Государственный первичный эталон вольта четвёртого поколения</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>State primary volt standard of the fourth generation</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5597-9437</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Катков</surname><given-names>А. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Katkov</surname><given-names>A. S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Александр Сергеевич Катков</p><p>Санкт-Петербург</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Alexander S. Katkov</p><p>St. Petersburg</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">A.S.Katkov@vniim.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Шевцов</surname><given-names>В. И.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Shevtsov</surname><given-names>V. I.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Владимир Иванович Шевцов</p><p>Санкт-Петербург</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Vladimir I. Shevtsov</p><p>St. Petersburg</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">V.I.Schevtsov@vniim.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Громова</surname><given-names>Ю. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Gromova</surname><given-names>J. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Юлия Андреевна Громова</p><p>Санкт-Петербург</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Julia A. Gromova</p><p>St. Petersburg</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">J.A.Gromova@vniim.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Всероссийский научно-исследовательский институт метрологии им. Д. И. Менделеева</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>D. I. Mendeleyev Institute for Metrology</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2023</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>30</day><month>08</month><year>2023</year></pub-date><volume>0</volume><issue>7</issue><fpage>4</fpage><lpage>8</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Катков А.С., Шевцов В.И., Громова Ю.А., 2023</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2023</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Катков А.С., Шевцов В.И., Громова Ю.А.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Katkov A.S., Shevtsov V.I., Gromova J.A.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.izmt.ru/jour/article/view/1965">https://www.izmt.ru/jour/article/view/1965</self-uri><abstract><p>Представлены результаты научных исследований, направленных на усовершенствование Государственного первичного эталона единицы электрического напряжения ГЭТ 13-01, построенного на основе квантового эффекта Джозефсона. В процессе усовершенствования ГЭТ 13-01 решены следующие задачи: расширен диапазон воспроизведения постоянного напряжения в результате перехода от двух реперных точек с номинальными значениями напряжения 1 и 10 В к диапазону 1·10–3–10 В; повышена помехоустойчивость воспроизводимого напряжения за счёт внедрения меры напряжения с безгистерезисной джозефсоновской микросхемой; обеспечена стабильность воспроизводимого напряжения; автоматизирован процесс передачи единицы напряжения как мерам напряжения, так и измерителям напряжения; обеспечен процесс установки заданного напряжения во временно́ й области. Усовершенствованный ГЭТ 13-01 утверждён с новым составом как Государственный первичный эталон единицы электрического напряжения ГЭТ 13-2023. В ГЭТ 13-2023 использованы квантовые меры напряжения на основе джозефсоновских микросхем разного типа. Исследованы метрологические характеристики ГЭТ 13-2023 в процессе сличений квантовых мер, входящих в его состав (с гистерезисной и безгистерезисной джозефсоновскими микросхемами). ГЭТ 13-2023 обеспечивает воспроизведение единицы электрического напряжения со средним квадратическим отклонением результата измерений не более 1·10–9 В, неисключённой систематической погрешностью не более 1·10–9 В в диапазоне напряжений 1·10–3–1 В и обеспечивает воспроизведение единицы электрического напряжения со средним квадратическим отклонением результата измерений в диапазоне напряжений 1–10 В не более 10–9, умноженное на значение воспроизводимого напряжения, неисключённой систематической погрешностью не более 10–9, умноженное на значение воспроизводимого напряжения. Полученные результаты актуальны для обеспечения единства измерений в области постоянного напряжения и проведения международных ключевых сличений.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The results of scientifi c research aimed at improving the State primary standard of electrical voltage unit GET 13-01, built on the basis of the Josephson quantum effect, are presented. In the process of improving GET 13-01, the following tasks were solved: the range of reproduction of constant voltage was expanded as a result of the transition from two reference points with nominal voltage values of 1 and 10 V to the range of 1·10–3–10 V; increased noise immunity of the reproducible voltage due to the introduction of a voltage measure with a hysteresis-free Josephson array; the stability of the reproduced voltage is ensured; the process of transferring a unit of voltage to both voltage measures and voltage meters is automated; the process of setting the specifi ed voltage in the time domain is provided. The improved GET 13-01 was approved with a new composition as the State Primary Standard of the unit of electrical voltage GET 13-2023. GET 13-2023 uses quantum voltage measures based on various types of Josephson arrays. The metrological characteristics of GET 13-2023 are studied in the process of comparisons of quantum measures included in its composition (with hysteresis and hysteresis-free Josephson arrays). GET 13-2023 provides reproduction of the unit of electrical voltage with a standard deviation of the measurement result of not more than 1·10–9 V, a non-excluded systematic error of not more than 1·10–9 V in the voltage range of 1·10–3–1 V and provides reproduction of a unit of electrical voltage with a standard deviation of the measurement result in the voltage range of 1–10 V not more than 10–9 multiplied by the value of the reproduced voltage, a nonexcluded systematic error of not more than 10–9 multiplied by the value of the reproduced voltage. The obtained results are relevant for ensuring the uniformity of measurements in the fi eld of constant voltage and for conducting international key comparisons.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>воспроизведение напряжения</kwd><kwd>мера напряжения</kwd><kwd>калибровка</kwd><kwd>эффект Джозефсона</kwd><kwd>джозефсоновские микросхемы</kwd><kwd>критический ток</kwd><kwd>квантовая ступень напряжения</kwd><kwd>ключевые сличения</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>voltage reproduction</kwd><kwd>voltage measure</kwd><kwd>calibration</kwd><kwd>Josephson effect</kwd><kwd>Josephson arrays</kwd><kwd>critical current</kwd><kwd>voltage quantum step</kwd><kwd>key comparisons</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Александров В. С., Катков А. С., Телитченко Г. П. Новый государственный первичный эталон и государственная поверочная схема для средств измерений постоянного электрического напряжения и электродвижущей силы // Измерительная техника. 2002. № 3. С. 6–9.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Aleksandrov V. S., Katkov A. S., Telitchenko G. P. Measurement Techniques, 2007, vol. 45, pp. 228-232. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1015954501462</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit2"><label>2</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Avrons D., Katkov A., Krzhimovsky V., Reymann D., Witt T. J. Bilateral comparison of 1.018 V standards between the VNIIM and the BIPM. Rapport BIPM-99/2, available at: https://www.bipm.org/documents/20126/27085544/bipm+publication-ID-368.pdf/5225962a6c67-94b7-2d18-06835ddc0970 (accessed: 05.07.2023).</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Avrons D., Katkov A., Krzhimovsky V., Reymann D., Witt T. J. Bilateral comparison of 1.018 V standards between the VNIIM and the BIPM. Rapport BIPM-99/2, available at: https://www.bipm.org/documents/20126/27085544/bipm+publication-ID-368.pdf/5225962a6c67-94b7-2d18-06835ddc0970 (accessed: 05.07.2023).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit3"><label>3</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Katkov A. S., Solve S., Stock M. Bilateral Comparison of 10 V Standards between the VNIIM (Russia) and the BIPM, August to October 2007 (part of the ongoing BIPM key comparison BIPM.EM-K11.b). Rapport BIPM-07/07, available at: https:// www.bipm.org/documents/20126/27085544/bipm+publicationID-1838.pdf/bbad746f-caf5-2f2a-4bae-ef1b43b0a698 (accessed: 05.07.2023).</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Katkov A. S., Solve S., Stock M. Bilateral Comparison of 10 V Standards between the VNIIM (Russia) and the BIPM, August to October 2007 (part of the ongoing BIPM key comparison BIPM.EM-K11.b). Rapport BIPM-07/07, available at: https:// www.bipm.org/documents/20126/27085544/bipm+publicationID-1838.pdf/bbad746f-caf5-2f2a-4bae-ef1b43b0a698 (accessed: 05.07.2023).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit4"><label>4</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Behr R., Katkov A. S. Metrologia, 2005, vol. 42, no. 1A, 01005. https://doi.org/10.1088/0026-1394/42/1A/01005</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Behr R., Katkov A. S. Metrologia, 2005, vol. 42, no. 1A, 01005. https://doi.org/10.1088/0026-1394/42/1A/01005</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit5"><label>5</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Solve S., Chayramy R., Stock M., Katkov A. Metrologia, 2011, vol. 48, 01007. https://doi.org/10.1088/0026-1394/48/1A/01007</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Solve S., Chayramy R., Stock M., Katkov A. Metrologia, 2011, vol. 48, 01007. https://doi.org/10.1088/0026-1394/48/1A/01007</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit6"><label>6</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Benz S. P., Burroughs C. J., Dresselhaus P. D., Christina L. A. IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement, 2001, vol. 50, no. 2, pp. 181–184. https://doi.org/10.1109/19.918096</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Benz S. P., Burroughs C. J., Dresselhaus P. D., Christina L. A. IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement, 2001, vol. 50, no. 2, pp. 181–184. https://doi.org/10.1109/19.918096</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit7"><label>7</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Katkov A., Shevtsov V., Gubler G. Conference on Precision Electromagnetic Measurements (CPEM 2018), Paris, France, 2018, pp. 1–2. https://doi.org/10.1109/CPEM.2018.8500892</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Katkov A., Shevtsov V., Gubler G. Conference on Precision Electromagnetic Measurements (CPEM 2018), Paris, France, 2018, pp. 1–2. https://doi.org/10.1109/CPEM.2018.8500892</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit8"><label>8</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Катков А. С., Ловцюс В. Э., Быков А. И., Шевцов В. И., Новодережкин Г. В. Воспроизведение вольта во ВНИИМ на основе СИС и СНС переходов Джозефсона // Измерительная техника. 2017. № 6. С. 45–48.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Katkov A. S., Lovtsyus V. E., Bykov A. I., et al. Measurement Techniques, 2017, vol. 60, pp. 589– 593. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11018-017-1240-1</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit9"><label>9</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Mise en pratique for the defi nition of the ampere and other electric units in the SI, SI Brochure-9 the edition (2019) – Appendix 2, available at: https://www.bipm.org/documents/20126/41489676/SIApp2-ampere.pdf (accessed: 05.07.2023).</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Mise en pratique for the defi nition of the ampere and other electric units in the SI, SI Brochure-9 the edition (2019) – Appendix 2, available at: https://www.bipm.org/documents/20126/41489676/SIApp2-ampere.pdf (accessed: 05.07.2023).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit10"><label>10</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Solve S., Kim M. S., Palafox L., Behr R., Budovsky I., Gluber G. B. Conference on Precision Electromagnetic Measurements (CPEM), Denver, CO, USA, 2020, pp. 1–2. https://doi.org/10.1109/CPEM49742.2020.9191727</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Solve S., Kim M. S., Palafox L., Behr R., Budovsky I., Gluber G. B. Conference on Precision Electromagnetic Measurements (CPEM), Denver, CO, USA, 2020, pp. 1–2. https://doi.org/10.1109/CPEM49742.2020.9191727</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref></ref-list><fn-group><fn fn-type="conflict"><p>The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.</p></fn></fn-group></back></article>
