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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">izmertech</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Измерительная техника</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Izmeritel`naya Tekhnika</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">0368-1025</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2949-5237</issn><publisher><publisher-name>ФГУП "ВНИИФТРИ"</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.32446/0368-1025it.2021-10-21-27</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">izmertech-1955</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОПТИКО-ФИЗИЧЕСКИЕ ИЗМЕРЕНИЯ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>OPTICOPHYSICAL MEASUREMENTS</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Методика измерений поляризационно-запутанных состояний бифотонов с помощью квантового томографа</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>The measurement method of the polarization-entangled states of biphotons using a quantum tomograph</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1065-9936</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Фроловцев</surname><given-names>Д. Н.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Frolovtsev</surname><given-names>D. N.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Дмитрий Николаевич Фроловцев</p><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Dmitry N. Frolovtsev</p><p>Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">frolovtsev@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8700-2516</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Магницкий</surname><given-names>С. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Magnitskiy</surname><given-names>S. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Сергей Александрович Магницкий</p><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Sergey A. Magnitskiy</p><p>Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">sergeymagnitskiy@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Дёмин</surname><given-names>А. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Demin</surname><given-names>A. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Андрей Васильевич Дёмин</p><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Andrey V. Demin</p><p>Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">demin@vniiofi.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Московский государственный университет им. М. В. Ломоносова</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Lomonosov Moscow State University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Всероссийский научно-исследовательский институт оптико-физических измерений</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>3 All Russia Research Institute of Optophysical Measurements</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2021</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>16</day><month>08</month><year>2023</year></pub-date><volume>0</volume><issue>10</issue><fpage>21</fpage><lpage>27</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; ФГУП "ВНИИФТРИ", 2023</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2023</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">ФГУП "ВНИИФТРИ"</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">ФГУП "ВНИИФТРИ"</copyright-holder><license xlink:href="https://www.izmt.ru/jour/about/submissions#copyrightNotice" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>https://www.izmt.ru/jour/about/submissions#copyrightNotice</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.izmt.ru/jour/article/view/1955">https://www.izmt.ru/jour/article/view/1955</self-uri><abstract><p>Выполнен статистический анализ погрешностей томографических измерений поляризационно-запутанных состояний бифотонов, которые генерируются источниками на основе эффекта спонтанного параметрического рассеяния света. Детально проанализирован уровень квантовых флуктуаций в схеме совпадений, являющихся неустранимым источником погрешности томографических измерений. С помощью квантового томографа измерена матрица плотности квантового поляризационного состояния бифотонов в поляризационном состоянии Белла. Проведено сравнение инструментальных погрешностей с погрешностями, вызванными квантовыми флуктуациями. Показано, что нет никаких препятствий для создания томографического метрологического стенда, предназначенного для характеризации источников спонтанного параметрического рассеяния света, генерирующих поляризационно-запутанные бифотоны.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>A statistical analysis of errors in tomographic measurements of polarization-entangled biphoton states generated by sources based on the effect of spontaneous parametric down-conversion is carried out. The level of quantum fluctuations in the coincidence scheme, which is an unavoidable source of error in tomographic measurements, is analyzed in detail. A quantum tomograph was used to measure the density matrix of the quantum polarization state of biphotons in the Bell polarization state. The errors caused by quantum fluctuations are compared with the instrumental errors. It is shown that there are no obstacles to creating a tomographic metrological stand intended for characterizing SPDC-sources generating polarization-entangled biphotons.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>фотоника</kwd><kwd>квантовые оптические технологии</kwd><kwd>квантовая томография</kwd><kwd>спонтанное параметрическое рассеяние</kwd><kwd>метрология</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>photonics</kwd><kwd>quantum optical technologes</kwd><kwd>quantum tomography</kwd><kwd>spontaneous parametric down-conversion</kwd><kwd>metrology</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Kok P. et al., Reviews of ModernPhysics, 2007, vol. 79, no. 1, р. 135. https://doi.org/10.1103/RevModPhys.79.135</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kok P. et al., Reviews of Modern Physics, 2007, vol. 79, no. 1, р. 135. https://doi.org/10.1103/RevModPhys.79.135</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit2"><label>2</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Gisin N., Thew R., Nature Photonics, 2007, vol. 1, no. 3, р. 165. https://doi.org/10.1038/nphoton.2007.22</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Gisin N., Thew R., Nature Photonics, 2007, vol. 1, no. 3, р. 165. https://doi.org/10.1038/nphoton.2007.22</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit3"><label>3</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Kwiat P. 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