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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">izmertech</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Измерительная техника</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Izmeritel`naya Tekhnika</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">0368-1025</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2949-5237</issn><publisher><publisher-name>ФГУП "ВНИИФТРИ"</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.32446/0368-1025it.2021-8-41-50</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">izmertech-1936</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОБЩИЕ ВОПРОСЫ МЕТРОЛОГИИ И ИЗМЕРИТЕЛЬНОЙ ТЕХНИКИ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>GENERAL PROBLEMS OF METROLOGY AND MEASUREMENT TECHNIQUES</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Косвенная оценка переменных состояния реакционно-регенерационных систем на основе компьютерной симуляции</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Indirect estimation of state variables of industrial reaction-regeneration systems based on computer simulation</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4158-6434</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Нагиев</surname><given-names>Г. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Nagiyev</surname><given-names>H. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Гасан Али оглы Нагиев</p><p> Баку</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Hasan A. Nagiyev</p><p>Baku</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">hasannagiev@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Гулиева</surname><given-names>Н. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Guliyeva</surname><given-names>N. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Нюбар Алимурад гызы Гулиева</p><p>г. Сумгаит</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Nyubar A.Guliyeva</p><p>Sumgait</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">n.quliyeva@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Институт математики и механики Национальной академии наук Азербайджана</institution><country>Азербайджан</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Institute of Mathematics and Mechanics, Azerbaijan National Academy of Sciences</institution><country>Azerbaijan</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Сумгаитский государственный университет</institution><country>Азербайджан</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Sumgait State University</institution><country>Azerbaijan</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2021</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>10</day><month>08</month><year>2023</year></pub-date><volume>0</volume><issue>8</issue><fpage>41</fpage><lpage>50</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; ФГУП "ВНИИФТРИ", 2023</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2023</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">ФГУП "ВНИИФТРИ"</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">ФГУП "ВНИИФТРИ"</copyright-holder><license xlink:href="https://www.izmt.ru/jour/about/submissions#copyrightNotice" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>https://www.izmt.ru/jour/about/submissions#copyrightNotice</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.izmt.ru/jour/article/view/1936">https://www.izmt.ru/jour/article/view/1936</self-uri><abstract><p>Описана реакционно-регенерационная система, которая является аппаратной частью промышленных производств и характеризуется исключительной особенностью – выраженной нелинейностью в виде множественности стационарных решений модельных дифференциальных уравнений. Такая особенность вынуждает прибегнуть к инженерным решениям, альтернативным прямым измерениям. Рассмотрена проблема косвенной оценки компонент вектора состояния реакционно-регенерационной системы. Показана некорректность косвенной оценки состояния подобного рода объектов на основе теории фильтров Калмана. Некорректность обусловлена неоднозначностью отображения пространства состояний в пространство касательных к траекториям векторов. Предложен подход, основанный на синхронной симуляции в динамике и заключающийся в сравнении двух эволюций «объект – модель» с минимизацией рассогласования. Приведена методика, базирующаяся на включении в функцию рассогласования вторых производных переменных состояния. Рассмотрена методология чувствительности систем косвенного оценивания, основанных на максимизации подобия сравниваемых эволюций «объект – модель» в режиме строгой синхронизации по внешним возмущениям и рычагам управления. Показано, что точность косвенного оценивания физически неизмеряемых координат в большей степени определяется математическими аспектами минимизации функции рассогласования, которая из-за множественности решений модельных уравнений имеет сложную структуру поверхности отклика.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>A reaction-regeneration system is described, which is a hardware part of industrial production and is characterized by an exceptional feature – pronounced nonlinearity in the form of a plurality of stationary solutions of model differential equations. This feature forces one to resort to engineering solutions that are alternative to direct measurements. The problem of indirect estimation of the components of the state vector of the reaction-regeneration system is considered. The incorrectness of the indirect assessment of the state of such objects on the basis of the theory of Kalman filters is shown. The incorrectness is due to the ambiguity of the mapping of the state space into the space of vectors tangent to the trajectories. An approach based on synchronous simulation in dynamics is proposed, which consists in comparing two evolutions “object – model” with minimization of the mismatch. A technique based on the inclusion of the second derivatives of the state variables into the mismatch function is presented. The methodology of the sensitivity of indirect estimation systems based on maximizing the similarity of the compared evolutions “object – model” in the regime of strict synchronization with respect to external disturbances and control levers is considered. It is shown that the accuracy of the indirect estimation of physically unmeasurable coordinates is largely determined by the mathematical aspects of minimizing the mismatch function, which, due to the multiplicity of solutions to model equations, has a complex structure of the response surface.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>косвенное измерение</kwd><kwd>множественность стационарных состояний</kwd><kwd>трёхмерный фазовый портрет</kwd><kwd>реакционно-регенерационная система</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>ndirect measurement</kwd><kwd>multiplicity of stationary states</kwd><kwd>three-dimensional phase portrait</kwd><kwd>reaction-regeneration system</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Elnashaie S. S., El-Hennawi I. M., Chem. Eng. 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