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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">izmertech</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Измерительная техника</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Izmeritel`naya Tekhnika</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">0368-1025</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2949-5237</issn><publisher><publisher-name>ФГУП "ВНИИФТРИ"</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.32446/0368-1025it.2020-8-28-35</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">izmertech-1824</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОПТИКО-ФИЗИЧЕСКИЕ ИЗМЕРЕНИЯ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>OPTICOPHYSICAL MEASUREMENTS</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Измерение эффективности детектирования однофотонных приёмников на основе спонтанного параметрического рассеяния и метода гетеродинирования</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Detection effciency measurement of single-photon detectors based on spontaneous parametric scattering using the heterodyning method</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Самойленко</surname><given-names>А. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Samoylenko</surname><given-names>A. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Alexei A. Samoylenko</p><p>Mosow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">asamoylenko@vniiofi.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Иванов</surname><given-names>А. Д.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Ivanov</surname><given-names>A. D.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Alexei D. Ivanov</p><p>Mosow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">academi@ya.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Левин</surname><given-names>Г. Г.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Levin</surname><given-names>G. G.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Gennady G. Levin</p><p>Mosow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">levin@vniiofi.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Всероссийский научно-исследовательский институт оптико-физических измерений</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>All-Russian Research Institute for Optical and Physical Measurements</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2020</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>14</day><month>07</month><year>2023</year></pub-date><volume>0</volume><issue>8</issue><fpage>28</fpage><lpage>35</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; ФГУП "ВНИИФТРИ", 2023</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2023</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">ФГУП "ВНИИФТРИ"</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">ФГУП "ВНИИФТРИ"</copyright-holder><license xlink:href="https://www.izmt.ru/jour/about/submissions#copyrightNotice" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>https://www.izmt.ru/jour/about/submissions#copyrightNotice</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.izmt.ru/jour/article/view/1824">https://www.izmt.ru/jour/article/view/1824</self-uri><abstract><p>Рассмотрены вопросы метрологического обеспечения компонентов квантовых информационных систем. Описан приведённый в международном стандарте ETSI референтный метод Клышко, который основан на использовании эффекта спонтанного параметрического рассеяния. Показано, что для детекторов единичных фотонов время измерения увеличивается на порядок при шумах с высокой плотностью мощности на низких частотах, сравнимой с уровнем полезного сигнала. Для повышения эффективности накопления сигнала предложено использовать метод гетеродинирования. Метод заключается в накоплении сигнала на более высокой частоте и введении в стандартную схему Клышко модуляции. Предложенный метод численно смоделирован, экспериментально установлено увеличение отношения сигнал–шум в 14 раз по сравнению с простым накоплением сигнала.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Recent active development of quantum computers and quantum key distribution systems requires characterization of the parameters of single-photon detectors. A key parameter of single-photon detectors is detection efficiency. One of the methods for measuring the detection efficiency given in the international ETSI standard is the Klyshko reference-free method based on the use of the effect of spontaneous parametric downconversion. The signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of this method depends on a combination of the pump wavelength, the nonlinear crystal axis angle, and the type of detector sensitive element. When the combination is complex, one has to deal with low SNR. In this case, to obtain a high SNR, long-term signal accumulation is necessary. In real detectors, the situation is complicated by the presence of a high noise level at low frequencies. The heterodyning-based method we have proposed consists in introducing modulation into the standard Klyshko scheme and accumulating the signal at a higher frequency. The method was numerically modeled and experimentally tested. A 14 times improvement in SNR was demonstrated compared to simple signal accumulation.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>спонтанное параметрическое рассеяние</kwd><kwd>референтная калибровка однофотонных детекторов</kwd><kwd>гетеродинирование.</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>spontaneous parametric down-conversion</kwd><kwd>reference-free single photon detectors calibration</kwd><kwd>heterodyning.</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Dréau A., Tcheborateva A., Mahdaoui A. E., Bonato C., Hanson R., Phys. Rev. Applied., 2018, vol. 9, p. 064031. https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevApplied.9.064031</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">. Dréau A., Tcheborateva A., Mahdaoui A. E., Bonato C., Hanson R., Phys. Rev. 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