<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.3 20210610//EN" "JATS-journalpublishing1-3.dtd">
<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">izmertech</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Измерительная техника</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Izmeritel`naya Tekhnika</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">0368-1025</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2949-5237</issn><publisher><publisher-name>ФГУП "ВНИИФТРИ"</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">izmertech-180</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ФУНДАМЕНТАЛЬНЫЕ ПРОБЛЕМЫ</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>О переопределении четырех основных единиц СИ</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title></trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Исаев</surname><given-names>Л. К.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">noemail@neicon.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Кононогов</surname><given-names>С. А.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">noemail@neicon.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Хрущев</surname><given-names>В. В.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">khru@imp.riae.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff xml:lang="ru" id="aff-1"><institution>Всероссийский научно-исследовательский институт метрологической службы, Москва</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2013</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>07</day><month>02</month><year>2023</year></pub-date><volume>0</volume><issue>2</issue><fpage>3</fpage><lpage>8</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; ФГУП "ВНИИФТРИ", 2023</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2023</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">ФГУП "ВНИИФТРИ"</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">ФГУП "ВНИИФТРИ"</copyright-holder><license xlink:href="https://www.izmt.ru/jour/about/submissions#copyrightNotice" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>https://www.izmt.ru/jour/about/submissions#copyrightNotice</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.izmt.ru/jour/article/view/180">https://www.izmt.ru/jour/article/view/180</self-uri><abstract><p>Предложено осуществлять выбор фундаментальной физической константы для переопределения основной единицы измерения обновленной СИ по принципу согласования размерностей константы и единицы измерения, когда они либо совпадают, либо отличаются на фактор размерности времени. Предложены количественный критерий согласованности новых прототипов килограмма с его международным прототипом и количественное ограничение их нестабильности.Рассмотрена возможность сохранения связи между определениями моля и килограмма в обновленной СИ. Предложено переопределять килограмм и моль с помощью фиксированного значения постоянной Авогадро,кельвин и ампер – после повышения точности измерения постоянной Больцмана изамыкания «квантового треугольника».</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>A principle of concordance for physical dimensions of a baseunitof the SI and a fundamental physical constant is proposed. In this case the dimensions of the constant and the base unit coincide or differ with a time dimension factor. A quantitative criterion of correspondence of new BIPM prototypes of the kilogram and the IPK and also quantitative limitation of the instability of new BIPM prototypes of the kilogram are presented. A possibility to preserve the connection between the definitions of the mole and kilogram in the updated SI is considered. It is proposed to redefine thekilogram and mole using a fixed value of theAvogadro constantand the kelvin and ampere after the improvement of measurement accuracyof the Boltzmann constant and the closure of the “quantum triangle”.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>переопределение основных единиц СИ</kwd><kwd>фундаментальная физическая константа</kwd><kwd>размерность физической величины</kwd><kwd>нестабильность международного прототипа килограмма</kwd><kwd>redefinition of the SI base units</kwd><kwd>fundamental physical constant</kwd><kwd>dimension of a physical quantity</kwd><kwd>instability of the International Prototype of the Kilogram</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">BIPM 2011. 24CGPM Resolutions [Офиц. сайт].http://www.bipm.org/utils/common/pdf/24_CGPM_Resolutions.pdf (дата обращения: 24.10.2012).</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">BIPM 2011. 24CGPM Resolutions [Офиц. сайт].http://www.bipm.org/utils/common/pdf/24_CGPM_Resolutions.pdf (дата обращения: 24.10.2012).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit2"><label>2</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Mills I.M. e. a. Redefinition of the kilogram: a decision whose time has come // Metrologia. 2005. V. 42. P.1–80.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Mills I.M. e. a. Redefinition of the kilogram: a decision whose time has come // Metrologia. 2005. V. 42. P.1–80.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit3"><label>3</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">BIPM 2005.CIPM Recommendation 1[Офиц. сайт].http://www.bipm.org(дата обращения: 24.10.2012).</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">BIPM 2005.CIPM Recommendation 1[Офиц. сайт].http://www.bipm.org(дата обращения: 24.10.2012).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit4"><label>4</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Mills I.M. e. a. Redefinition of the kilogram, ampere, kelvin and mole: a proposed approach to implementing CIPM Recommendation 1 (CI-2005) // Metrologia. 2006. V. 43. P.227–246.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Mills I.M. e. a. Redefinition of the kilogram, ampere, kelvin and mole: a proposed approach to implementing CIPM Recommendation 1 (CI-2005) // Metrologia. 2006. V. 43. P.227–246.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit5"><label>5</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">BIPM 2008.The International System of Units 8thedn[офиц. сайт].http://www.bipm.org (датаобращения: 24.10.2012).</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">BIPM 2008.The International System of Units 8thedn[офиц. сайт].http://www.bipm.org (датаобращения: 24.10.2012).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit6"><label>6</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">BIPM 2007. CGPMResolution 12 [Офиц. сайт].http://www.bipm.org (дата обращения: 24.10.2012).</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">BIPM 2007. CGPMResolution 12 [Офиц. сайт].http://www.bipm.org (дата обращения: 24.10.2012).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit7"><label>7</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Mills I.M e. a. Adapting the International System of Units to the twenty-first century // Phil. Trans. R. Soc. London. 2011.V. A 369. P.3907–3924.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Mills I.M e. a. Adapting the International System of Units to the twenty-first century // Phil. Trans. R. Soc. London. 2011.V. A 369. P.3907–3924.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit8"><label>8</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Кононогов С.А., Мельников В.Н. Фундаментальные физические константы, гравитационная постоянная и проект космического эксперимента SEE // Измерительная техника. 2005. №6. С. 3–9; Kononogov S.A.,Melnikov V.N. The fundamental physical constants, the gravitational constant, and the SEE space experiment project // Measurement Techniques. 2005. V. 48. P.521–536.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Кононогов С.А., Мельников В.Н. Фундаментальные физические константы, гравитационная постоянная и проект космического эксперимента SEE // Измерительная техника. 2005. №6. С. 3–9; Kononogov S.A.,Melnikov V.N. The fundamental physical constants, the gravitational constant, and the SEE space experiment project // Measurement Techniques. 2005. V. 48. P.521–536.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit9"><label>9</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Кононогов С.А. Метрология и фундаментальные физические константы. М.: СТАНДАРТИНФОРМ, 2008.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Кононогов С.А. Метрология и фундаментальные физические константы. М.: СТАНДАРТИНФОРМ, 2008.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit10"><label>10</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Пятьдесят лет по пути к квантовым единицам СИ: Материалы Междунар. симп. С.Петербург, 2010.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Пятьдесят лет по пути к квантовым единицам СИ: Материалы Междунар. симп. С.Петербург, 2010.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit11"><label>11</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Француз Э. Т. Фундаментальные физические константы новой Международной системы единиц (СИ)// Измерительная техника. 2010. № 3. С. 3–9;</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Француз Э. Т. Фундаментальные физические константы новой Международной системы единиц (СИ)// Измерительная техника. 2010. № 3. С. 3–9;</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit12"><label>12</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Frantsuz E.T. Fundamental physical constantsin the new SI // Measurement Techniques. 2010. N 3.V. 53.P.228–231.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Frantsuz E.T. Fundamental physical constantsin the new SI // Measurement Techniques. 2010. N 3.V. 53.P.228–231.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit13"><label>13</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Quinn T., Burnett K. The fundamental constants of physics, precision measurements and the base units of the SI // Phil. Trans. R. Soc. London. 2005. V. A363. P. 2101.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Quinn T., Burnett K. The fundamental constants of physics, precision measurements and the base units of the SI // Phil. Trans. R. Soc. London. 2005. V. A363. P. 2101.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit14"><label>14</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Mohr P.J, Taylor B.N., Newell D.B. CODATA recommended values of the fundamental physical constants: 2010 // Rev. Mod. Phys. 2012. V. 80 P.633–730.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Mohr P.J, Taylor B.N., Newell D.B. CODATA recommended values of the fundamental physical constants: 2010 // Rev. Mod. Phys. 2012. V. 80 P.633–730.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit15"><label>15</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Andreas B. e. a.(IAC) Counting the atoms in a 28Si crystal for a new kilogram definition // Metrologia. 2011. V. 48.P.S1–13.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Andreas B. e. a.(IAC) Counting the atoms in a 28Si crystal for a new kilogram definition // Metrologia. 2011. V. 48.P.S1–13.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit16"><label>16</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Taylor B.N. Molar mass and related quantities in the New SI // Metrologia.2009.V. 46.P.L16–19.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Taylor B.N. Molar mass and related quantities in the New SI // Metrologia.2009.V. 46.P.L16–19.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit17"><label>17</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Кононогов С.А. Хрущев В.В. О возможности замены прототипа килограмма атомным эталоном единицы массы // Измерительная техника. 2006. №10. С. 3–8;</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Кононогов С.А. Хрущев В.В. О возможности замены прототипа килограмма атомным эталоном единицы массы // Измерительная техника. 2006. №10. С. 3–8;</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit18"><label>18</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Kononogov S.A.,Khruschov V.V. Scope for replacing the prototype kilogram by an atomic standard of the mass unit // Measurement Techniques. 2006.V. 49N 10. P.953–956.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kononogov S.A.,Khruschov V.V. Scope for replacing the prototype kilogram by an atomic standard of the mass unit // Measurement Techniques. 2006.V. 49N 10. P.953–956.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit19"><label>19</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Бронников К.А., Мельников В.Н. Фундаментальные константы и переход на новые определения единиц СИ // Измерительная техника. 2010. №11. С. 3–9;</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Бронников К.А., Мельников В.Н. Фундаментальные константы и переход на новые определения единиц СИ // Измерительная техника. 2010. №11. С. 3–9;</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit20"><label>20</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Bronnikov K.A., Melnikov V.N. The fundamental constants and the transition to the new definitions of the SI units // Measurement Techniques. 2010. V. 53. N 11. P. 1196–1203.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Bronnikov K.A., Melnikov V.N. The fundamental constants and the transition to the new definitions of the SI units // Measurement Techniques. 2010. V. 53. N 11. P. 1196–1203.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit21"><label>21</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Иващук В.Д., Кононогов С.А., Мельников В.Н. Анализ результатов измерений постоянной тонкой структуры и их влияния на новые определения единиц СИ // Измерительная техника. 2011. №8. С. 25–28;</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Иващук В.Д., Кононогов С.А., Мельников В.Н. Анализ результатов измерений постоянной тонкой структуры и их влияния на новые определения единиц СИ // Измерительная техника. 2011. №8. С. 25–28;</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit22"><label>22</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ivashchuk V.D., Kononogov S.A., Melnikov V.N. An analysis of the results of measurements of the fine-structure constant and their effect on the new definitions of the SI units // Measurement Techniques. 2011. V. 54. N. 8. P. 887–892.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ivashchuk V.D., Kononogov S.A., Melnikov V.N. An analysis of the results of measurements of the fine-structure constant and their effect on the new definitions of the SI units // Measurement Techniques. 2011. V. 54. N. 8. P. 887–892.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit23"><label>23</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Хрущев В. В. Об оптимальном наборе фундаментальных констант с фиксированными значениями для переопределения единиц СИ // Измерительная техника. 2011. № 10. С. 3–8;</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Хрущев В. В. Об оптимальном наборе фундаментальных констант с фиксированными значениями для переопределения единиц СИ // Измерительная техника. 2011. № 10. С. 3–8;</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit24"><label>24</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Khruschev V. V. Optimum choice of fundamental physical constants with fixed values for redefinition of SI units // Measurement Techniques. 20121. V. 54. N 10. P. 1103–1110.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Khruschev V. V. Optimum choice of fundamental physical constants with fixed values for redefinition of SI units // Measurement Techniques. 20121. V. 54. N 10. P. 1103–1110.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit25"><label>25</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">BIPM 2010. CCM Recommendation G1 [Офиц. сайт]. http://www.bipm.org (дата обращения: 24.10.2012).</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">BIPM 2010. CCM Recommendation G1 [Офиц. сайт]. http://www.bipm.org (дата обращения: 24.10.2012).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit26"><label>26</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Gläser M. e. a.Redefinition of the kilogram and the impact on its future dissemination // Metrologia. 2010. V. 47. P.419–428.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Gläser M. e. a.Redefinition of the kilogram and the impact on its future dissemination // Metrologia. 2010. V. 47. P.419–428.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit27"><label>27</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Davis R.S. Possible new definitions of the kilogram // Phil. Trans. R. Soc. London. 2005. V. A363. P. 2249–2264.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Davis R.S. Possible new definitions of the kilogram // Phil. Trans. R. Soc. London. 2005. V. A363. P. 2249–2264.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit28"><label>28</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Leonard B.P. Comments on recent proposals for redefining the mole and kilogram// Metrologia. 2010.V. 47. P.L5–8.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Leonard B.P. Comments on recent proposals for redefining the mole and kilogram// Metrologia. 2010.V. 47. P.L5–8.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit29"><label>29</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Jeannin Y. What is a mole?: old concepts and new (continued) // Chem. Int. 2010. V. 32. N1. P.8–11.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Jeannin Y. What is a mole?: old concepts and new (continued) // Chem. Int. 2010. V. 32. N1. P.8–11.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit30"><label>30</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Steiner R, Williams E. R., Newell D.B. Towards an electronic kilogram: an improved measurement of the Plank constant and electron mass // Metrologia. 2005. V. 42. P.431–441.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Steiner R, Williams E. R., Newell D.B. Towards an electronic kilogram: an improved measurement of the Plank constant and electron mass // Metrologia. 2005. V. 42. P.431–441.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit31"><label>31</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Wulf M.,Zorin A.B. Error accounting in electron counting experiments // arXiv. 0811.3927.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Wulf M.,Zorin A.B. Error accounting in electron counting experiments // arXiv. 0811.3927.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit32"><label>32</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Калинин М.И., Кононогов С.А. Переопределение единицы термодинамической температуры и международная система единиц (СИ) // Теплофизика высоких температур. 2010. Т. 48. №1. С. 26–29; Kalinin M. I.,Kononogov S.A. Redefinition of the Unit of Thermodynamic Temperature in the SI System // High Temperature. 2010. V. 48. P. 23–28.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Калинин М.И., Кононогов С.А. Переопределение единицы термодинамической температуры и международная система единиц (СИ) // Теплофизика высоких температур. 2010. Т. 48. №1. С. 26–29; Kalinin M. I.,Kononogov S.A. Redefinition of the Unit of Thermodynamic Temperature in the SI System // High Temperature. 2010. V. 48. P. 23–28.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit33"><label>33</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">BIPM 2010. CCT Recommendation T2 [Офиц. сайт].http://www.bipm.org (дата обращения: 24.10.2012).</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">BIPM 2010. CCT Recommendation T2 [Офиц. сайт].http://www.bipm.org (дата обращения: 24.10.2012).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit34"><label>34</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Leonard B.P. Why the dalton should be redefined exactly in terms of the kilogram// Metrologia. 2012.V. 49. P.487–491.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Leonard B.P. Why the dalton should be redefined exactly in terms of the kilogram// Metrologia. 2012.V. 49. P.487–491.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit35"><label>35</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Steele A. G. e. a.Reconciling Planck constant determinations via watt balance and enriched-silicon measurements at NRC Canada // Metrologia. 2012. V. 49.P.L8–10.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Steele A. G. e. a.Reconciling Planck constant determinations via watt balance and enriched-silicon measurements at NRC Canada // Metrologia. 2012. V. 49.P.L8–10.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit36"><label>36</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Hill T. P, Miller J.,Censullo A.C.Towards a better definition of the kilogram // Metrologia. 2011. V. 48. P.83–86.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Hill T. P, Miller J.,Censullo A.C.Towards a better definition of the kilogram // Metrologia. 2011. V. 48. P.83–86.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit37"><label>37</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Fraundorf P.A multiple of 12 for Avogadro // arXiv. 1201.5537.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Fraundorf P.A multiple of 12 for Avogadro // arXiv. 1201.5537.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref></ref-list><fn-group><fn fn-type="conflict"><p>The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.</p></fn></fn-group></back></article>
