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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">izmertech</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Измерительная техника</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Izmeritel`naya Tekhnika</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">0368-1025</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2949-5237</issn><publisher><publisher-name>ФГУП "ВНИИФТРИ"</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.32446/0368-1025it.2020-4-51-56</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">izmertech-1784</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>РАДИОТЕХНИЧЕСКИЕ ИЗМЕРЕНИЯ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>RADIO MEASUREMENTS</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Малошумящие гибридные синтезаторы частот на основе прямых методов синтеза – цифрового и аналогового</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Low-noise hybrid frequency synthesizers based on direct digital and direct analog synthesis.</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Ромашов</surname><given-names>В. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Romashov</surname><given-names>V. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Владимир</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Vladimir V. Romashov</p><p>Vladimir</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">romashovmurom@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Якименко</surname><given-names>К. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Yakimenko</surname><given-names>K. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Владимир</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Kirill A. Yakimenko</p><p>Vladimir</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">yakimenko.kirill@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Докторов</surname><given-names>А. Н.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Doktorov</surname><given-names>A. N.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Владимир</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Andrey N. Doktorov</p><p>Vladimir</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">doctorov_a_n@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Ромашова</surname><given-names>Л. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Romashova</surname><given-names>L. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Владимир</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Lubov V. Romashova</p><p>Vladimir</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">romashovamurom@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Владимирский государственный университет</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Vladimir State University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2020</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>04</day><month>07</month><year>2023</year></pub-date><volume>0</volume><issue>4</issue><fpage>51</fpage><lpage>56</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; ФГУП "ВНИИФТРИ", 2023</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2023</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">ФГУП "ВНИИФТРИ"</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">ФГУП "ВНИИФТРИ"</copyright-holder><license xlink:href="https://www.izmt.ru/jour/about/submissions#copyrightNotice" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>https://www.izmt.ru/jour/about/submissions#copyrightNotice</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.izmt.ru/jour/article/view/1784">https://www.izmt.ru/jour/article/view/1784</self-uri><abstract><p>Рассмотрены гибридные синтезаторы частот на основе прямых методов синтеза – цифрового и аналогового. Исследованы возможности применения таких синтезаторов в качестве гетеродинов современных анализаторов спектра, построенных по супергетеродинной схеме. Проанализирована возможность использования гибридного синтезатора в качестве гетеродина первого каскада анализаторов спектра. Представлены требования к гетеродинам первых каскадов смешения анализаторов спектра. Предложена структурная схема широкополосного гетеродина, формирующего частоты в диапазоне 4000–8000 МГц с шагом, не превышающим 1 Гц. Выведены формулы для расчёта основных частотных соотношений в структуре гетеродина. Разработана математическая модель спектральной плотности мощности фазовых шумов в зависимости от частоты отстройки от несущей. С помощью созданной модели исследованы шумовые характеристики предложенной схемы. Показано, что на частотах отстройки свыше 1 кГц от несущей гибридный синтезатор на основе прямых цифрового и аналогового методов синтеза имеет выигрыш по уровню фазовых шумов в 5–30 дБ перед малошумящими гетеродинами современных анализаторов спектра. Определены преимущества предлагаемой схемы, за счёт которых гибридный синтезатор способен улучшить технические характеристики передовых анализаторов спектра.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The research of the possibility of using hybrid frequency synthesizers based on direct digital and direct analog methods of frequency synthesis as heterodynes of modern spectrum analyzers constructed according to the superheterodyne scheme is presented. The main advantages of such synthesizers over traditionally used heterodyne schemes based on direct digital and indirect frequency synthesis methods are shown. The requirements for the heterodynes of the first mixing stages of spectrum analyzers are presented. A block diagram of a wideband heterodyne generating a frequency range from 4000 MHz to 8000 MHz with a step not exceeding 1 Hz is proposed. Formulas for calculating the main frequency ratios in the structure of the heterodyne have been developed. A mathematical model of phase noise power spectral density (PSD) depending on the offset frequency from the carrier is developed. The noise characteristics of the proposed scheme are studied using the model. It is determined that at the output frequency of the heterodyne equal to 4521,4 MHz, the level of phase noise PSD is: minus 90 dBc/Hz at the offset frequency equal to 100 Hz; minus 140 dBc/Hz at the offset frequency equal to 100 kHz. It is shown that the hybrid synthesizer based on direct digital and direct analog synthesis methods has an advantage in the level of phase noise from 5 to 30 dB over the low-noise heterodynes of modern spectrum analyzers at frequencies above 1 kHz from the carrier. Additional advantages of the proposed scheme are a simple architecture, low power consumption and high frequency tuning speed due to the absence of phaselocked loops in the structure of the heterodyne.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>анализатор спектра</kwd><kwd>гетеродин</kwd><kwd>фазовый шум</kwd><kwd>фазовая автоподстройка частоты</kwd><kwd>цифровой вычислительный синтезатор</kwd><kwd>фильтр промежуточной частоты</kwd><kwd>дискретные побочные составляющие спектра</kwd><kwd>генератор опорной частоты</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>spectrum analyzer</kwd><kwd>heterodyne</kwd><kwd>phase noise</kwd><kwd>phase-locked loop</kwd><kwd>direct digital synthesizer</kwd><kwd>intermediate frequency filter</kwd><kwd>discrete side components of the spectrum</kwd><kwd>reference frequency generator</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Rauscher C., Janssen V., Minihold R., Fundamentals of Spectrum Analysis, Rohde&amp;Schwarz GmbH&amp;Co, 2001,224 p.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Rauscher C., Janssen V., Minihold R., Fundamentals of Spectrum Analysis, Rohde&amp;Schwarz GmbH&amp;Co, 2001, 224 p.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit2"><label>2</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Agilent Spectrum Analysis Basic, available at: https://volpefirm.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/01/Agilent-Application-Note-AN-150.pdf(accessed:04.11.2019).</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Agilent Spectrum Analysis Basic, available at: https://volpefirm.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/01/Agilent-Application-Note-AN-150.pdf(accessed:04.11.2019).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit3"><label>3</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Бельчиков С. 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