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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">izmertech</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Измерительная техника</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Izmeritel`naya Tekhnika</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">0368-1025</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2949-5237</issn><publisher><publisher-name>ФГУП "ВНИИФТРИ"</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.32446/0368-1025it.2021-1-48-55</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">izmertech-1734</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ЭЛЕКТРОМАГНИТНЫЕ ИЗМЕРЕНИЯ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>ELECTROMAGNETIC MEASUREMENTS</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Преобразование электромагнитного поля с описанной вокруг антенны замкнутой поверхности на апертуру антенны</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Electromagnetic feld transformation from a surface closed around the antenna to its aperture</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4957-3606</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Анютин</surname><given-names>Н. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Anyutin</surname><given-names>N. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Николай Викторович Анютин</p><p>г. п. Менделеево, Московская обл.</p><p> </p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Nikolay V. Anyutin</p><p>Mendeleevo, Moscow Region,</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">anyutin@vniiftri.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Всероссийский научно-исследовательский институт физико-технических и радиотехнических измерений</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Russian Metrological Institute of Technical Physics and Radio Engineering</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2021</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>14</day><month>06</month><year>2023</year></pub-date><volume>0</volume><issue>1</issue><fpage>48</fpage><lpage>55</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; ФГУП "ВНИИФТРИ", 2023</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2023</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">ФГУП "ВНИИФТРИ"</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">ФГУП "ВНИИФТРИ"</copyright-holder><license xlink:href="https://www.izmt.ru/jour/about/submissions#copyrightNotice" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>https://www.izmt.ru/jour/about/submissions#copyrightNotice</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.izmt.ru/jour/article/view/1734">https://www.izmt.ru/jour/article/view/1734</self-uri><abstract><p>Предложен прямой алгоритм восстановления электромагнитного поля на апертуре антенны. Предложенный алгоритм можно использовать для решения задач диагностики и пространственной фильтрации. В основе алгоритма лежит решение уравнений Максвелла через опережающие потенциалы электромагнитного поля. Показано, что сходящиеся электромагнитные волны, являющиеся решением уравнений Максвелла, эквивалентны расходящимся электромагнитным волнам при условии стационарности и линейности параметров среды. Прямой алгоритм формулируется в виде умножения матрицы оператора преобразования на известный вектор электромагнитного поля на замкнутой поверхности. При этом преобразование наружу (в дальнюю зону) или внутрь (на апертуру) поверхности описывается одним и тем же оператором и отличается только знаками входных величин. Прямой алгоритм в отличие от известных алгоритмов не требует сканирования электромагнитного поля на канонических поверхностях или решения большой системы интегральных уравнений. Это делает его оптимальным для использования в новых антенных измерительных комплексах ближней зоны на базе промышленных роботов, беспилотных летательных аппаратов и т. д. Верификация разработанного алгоритма по экспериментальным данным показала возможность восстановления нормированного распределения напряжённости электрического поля на апертуре антенн с погрешностью не более 2 дБ.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The article proposes a direct algorithm for reconstruction the electromagnetic field at the antenna aperture, which can be used to solve problems of diagnostics and spatial filtering. The algorithm is based on the solution of Maxwell's equations in the form of advanced potentials of the electromagnetic field. It is shown that following from it advanced electromagnetic waves are equivalent to retarded electromagnetic waves when the parameters of the medium are stationary and linear. The direct algorithm is formulated as the multiplication of the transformation operator matrix by the known vector of the electromagnetic field on a closed surface. In this case, the transformation outward (far field) or inward (aperture) of the surface is described by the same operator and differs only in the signs of the input quantities. Unlike the known ones, the direct algorithm does not require scanning the electromagnetic field on canonical surfaces or solving a large system of integral equations. This makes it optimal for use in new near-fi eld measurement systems based on industrial robots, unmanned aerial vehicles, etc. Verification of the developed algorithm using experimental data has shown the possibility of reconstruction the normalized distribution of the electric field strength at the antenna aperture with an error less than 2 dB.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>антенные измерения</kwd><kwd>ближняя зона</kwd><kwd>преобразование электромагнитного поля</kwd><kwd>восстановление поля на апертуре</kwd><kwd>диагностика антенн</kwd><kwd>пространственная фильтрация</kwd><kwd>опережающие потенциалы</kwd><kwd>теорема об эквивалентном излучении</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>antenna measurements</kwd><kwd>near field</kwd><kwd>electromagnetic field transformation</kwd><kwd>source reconstruction</kwd><kwd>antenna diagnostics</kwd><kwd>spatial filtering</kwd><kwd>advanced potentials</kwd><kwd>equivalent sources theorem</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Yaghjian A., IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation, January 1986, vol. 34, no. 1, pp. 30–45. https://doi.org/10.1109/TAP.1986.1143727</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Yaghjian A., IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation, January 1986, vol. 34, no. 1, pp. 30–45. https://doi.org/10.1109/TAP.1986.1143727</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit2"><label>2</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Rahmat-Samii Y., Radio Science, 1984, vol. 19, no. 05, pp. 1205–1217. https://doi.org/10.1029/RS019i005p01205</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Rahmat-Samii Y., Radio Science, 1984, vol. 19, no. 05, pp. 1205–1217. https://doi.org/10.1029/RS019i005p01205</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit3"><label>3</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Hess D. 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