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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">izmertech</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Измерительная техника</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Izmeritel`naya Tekhnika</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">0368-1025</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2949-5237</issn><publisher><publisher-name>ФГУП "ВНИИФТРИ"</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.32446/0368-1025it.2021-1-9-13</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">izmertech-1687</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ФУНДАМЕНТАЛЬНЫЕ ПРОБЛЕМЫ МЕТРОЛОГИИ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>FUNDAMENTAL PROBLEMS OF METROLOGY</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Квантовый эффект Холла и постоянная Клитцинга</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Quantum Hall ef ect and von Klitzing constant</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Семенчинский</surname><given-names>С. Г.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Semenchinskiy</surname><given-names>S. G.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Сергей Георгиевич Семенчинский</p><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Sergey G. Semenchinskiy</p><p>Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">semench-vm@vniims.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Всероссийский научно-исследовательский институт метрологической службы</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Russian Research Institute for Metrological Service</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2021</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>02</day><month>06</month><year>2023</year></pub-date><volume>0</volume><issue>1</issue><fpage>9</fpage><lpage>13</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; ФГУП "ВНИИФТРИ", 2023</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2023</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">ФГУП "ВНИИФТРИ"</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">ФГУП "ВНИИФТРИ"</copyright-holder><license xlink:href="https://www.izmt.ru/jour/about/submissions#copyrightNotice" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>https://www.izmt.ru/jour/about/submissions#copyrightNotice</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.izmt.ru/jour/article/view/1687">https://www.izmt.ru/jour/article/view/1687</self-uri><abstract><p>Рассмотрена актуальная проблема в области электрических измерений в связи с принятыми 26-й Генеральной конференцией по мерам и весам в ноябре 2018 г. (Франция, Версаль) новыми определениями единиц физических величин системы СИ, а именно воспроизведение ома на основе квантового эффекта Холла. Объяснены причины введения в 1988 г. независимой от международной системы единиц константы Клитцинга и её отмены в 2018 г. Изложены физические основы эффекта. Проанализированы основные косвенные и прямые эксперименты, приведшие к созданию эталона ома на основе квантового эффекта Холла, в том числе проведённые во ВНИИМС в 1982–1986 гг. На примере этих экспериментов показана идентичность значений квантованного сопротивления для образцов, изготовленных на основе инверсионных слоёв в кремнии, арсениде галлия и в образцах принципиально нового вещества графена. Приведены результаты по использованию графена для создания эталонов на основе квантового эффекта Холла для различных отраслей промышленности и науки на базе новейших достижений в его изготовлении.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The current problem in the field of electrical measurements is considered in connection with the new defi nitions of SIunits of physical quantities adopted by the 26th General Conference on Weights and Measures in November 2018 (France, Versailles), namely, the reproduction of anohm based on the quantum Hall effect. The reasons for the introduction in 1988 of the Klitzing constant independent of the international system of units and its cancellation in 2018 are explained. The physical foundations of the quantum Hall effect are outlined. The main indirect and direct experiments that led to the creation of an ohm standard based on the quantum Hall effect, including those carried out at VNIIMS in 1982–1986, are analyzed. Using the example of these experiments, the identity of the values of the quantized resistance for samples prepared on the basis of inversion layers in silicon, gallium arsenide and in samples of a fundamentally new substance graphene is shown. Results on the use of graphene to create standards based on the quantum Hall   effect for various industries and science based on the latest advances in its production are presented.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>квантовый эффект Холла</kwd><kwd>заряд электрона</kwd><kwd>постоянная Планка</kwd><kwd>постоянная Клитцинга</kwd><kwd>графен</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>Quantum Hall effect</kwd><kwd>electron charge</kwd><kwd>Planck's constant</kwd><kwd>Klitzing's constant</kwd><kwd>graphene</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">16 November 2018: Historic day for metrology. 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