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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">izmertech</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Измерительная техника</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Izmeritel`naya Tekhnika</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">0368-1025</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2949-5237</issn><publisher><publisher-name>ФГУП "ВНИИФТРИ"</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.32446/0368-1025it.2022-12-3-9</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">izmertech-1670</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ГОСУДАРСТВЕННЫЕ ЭТАЛОНЫ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>STATE STANDARDS</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Государственный первичный эталон единицы спектральной плотности мощности шумового радиоизлучения в диапазоне частот от 0,002 до 178,3 ГГц ГЭТ 21-2021</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>State primary standard of the unit of power spectral density of noise radio emission in the frequency range from 0.002 to 178.3 GHz GET 21-2021</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3313-3945</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Адерихин</surname><given-names>В. И.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Aderikhin</surname><given-names>V. I.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Владимир Ильич Адерихин</p><p>г. п. Менделеево, Московская обл.</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Vladimir I. Aderikhin</p><p>Mendeleevo, Moscow region</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">avi@vniiftri.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3148-7336</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Малай</surname><given-names>И. М.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Malay</surname><given-names>I. M.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Иван Михайлович Малай</p><p>г. п. Менделеево, Московская обл.</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Ivan M. Malay</p><p>Mendeleevo, Moscow region</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">malay@vniiftri.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3367-3442</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Маркова</surname><given-names>М. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Markova</surname><given-names>M. S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Мария Сергеевна Маркова</p><p>г. п. Менделеево, Московская обл.</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Mariya S. Markova</p><p>Mendeleevo, Moscow region</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">markova_ms@vniiftri.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3849-7740</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Саргсян</surname><given-names>М. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Sargsyan</surname><given-names>M. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Мелик Вардкесович Саргсян</p><p>г. п. Менделеево, Московская обл.</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Melik V. Sargsyan</p><p>Mendeleevo, Moscow region</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">mcrmi121@vniiftri.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7311-2041</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Фартушин</surname><given-names>М. И.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Fartushin</surname><given-names>M. I.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Максим Игоревич Фартушин</p><p>г. п. Менделеево, Московская обл.</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Maksim I. Fartushin</p><p>Mendeleevo, Moscow region</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">fartushin@vniiftri.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Всероссийский научно-исследовательский институт физико-технических и радиотехнических измерений</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Russian Metrological Institute of Technical Physics and Radio Engineering</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2022</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>29</day><month>05</month><year>2023</year></pub-date><volume>0</volume><issue>12</issue><fpage>3</fpage><lpage>9</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; ФГУП "ВНИИФТРИ", 2023</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2023</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">ФГУП "ВНИИФТРИ"</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">ФГУП "ВНИИФТРИ"</copyright-holder><license xlink:href="https://www.izmt.ru/jour/about/submissions#copyrightNotice" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>https://www.izmt.ru/jour/about/submissions#copyrightNotice</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.izmt.ru/jour/article/view/1670">https://www.izmt.ru/jour/article/view/1670</self-uri><abstract><p>В 2021 г. утверждён Государственный первичный эталон единицы спектральной плотности мощности шумового радиоизлучения в диапазоне частот от 0,002 до 178,3 ГГц ГЭТ 21-2021. В качестве первичных эталонных мер в состав ГЭТ 21-2021 введены низкотемпературные генераторы шума. Исследованы спроектированные и изготовленные первичные эталонные меры: два коаксиальных низкотемпературных генератора шума в диапазонах частот 0,002–4,0 ГГц, 4,0–12,05 ГГц и три волноводных низкотемпературных генератора шума в диапазонах частот 12,05–17,44 ГГц, 17,44–25,86 ГГц, 25,86–37,5 ГГц. Исследованы и рассчитаны эквивалентные шумовые температуры первичных эталонных мер. Воспроизводимое значение эквивалентной шумовой температуры для коаксиальных низкотемпературных генераторов шума составило 77,5–84,82 К и волноводных низкотемпературных генераторов шума – 78,4–80,53 К. Разработаны и изготовлены компараторы – приёмники шумового сигнала в пяти диапазонах: в двух коаксиальных трактах 0,002–4,0 ГГц и 4,0–12,05 ГГц; в трёх волноводных трактах 12,05–17,44 ГГц; 17,44–25,86 ГГц и 25,86–37,5 ГГц. Увеличен динамический диапазон измерений и уменьшена погрешность передачи единицы спектральной плотности мощности шумового радиоизлучения. Суммарная погрешность воспроизведения единицы спектральной плотности мощности шумового радиоизлучения составила 0,24–0,30 К, расширенная неопределённость передачи единицы спектральной плотности мощности шумового радиоизлучения вторичным эталонам и рабочим эталонам 1-го разряда – 0,4–0,8 К, погрешность измерений спектральной плотности мощности шумового радиоизлучения уменьшилась в 1,5 раза. Проведён сравнительный анализ неопределённостей при передаче единицы спектральной плотности мощности шумового радиоизлучения от первичных эталонных мер вторичным эталонам и рабочим эталонам 1-го разряда. Результаты данной работы применимы в радиопромышленности при измерении шумовых параметров. Значения чувствительности приборов и устройств, работа которых зависит от уровня шумовых электромагнитных колебаний, контролируются мерами спектральной плотности мощности шумового радиоизлучения – измерительными генераторами шума.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>In 2021, the State primary standard unit of power spectral density of noise radio emission in the frequency range from 0.002 to 178.3 GHz GET 21-2021 passed the approval. GET 21-2021 introduced low-temperature noise generators as primary reference measures. Preferred and manufactured primary reference measures were investigated: two coaxial low temperature noise generators in the frequency range 0.002–4.0 GHz, 4.0–12.05 GHz and three waveguide low temperature noise generators in the frequency range 12.05–17.44 GHz, 17.44–25.86 GHz, 25.86–37.5 GHz. Noise temperatures of primary reference measures are investigated and calculated. The reproducible value of the equivalent noise temperature was 77.5–84.82 K for coaxial low-temperature noise generators and 78.4–80.53 K for waveguide low-temperature noise generators, 4.0 GHz and 4.0–12.05 GHz; three waveguide 12.05–17.44 GHz; 17.44–25.86 GHz and 25.86–37.5 GHz. The dynamic range of measurements is increased and the error of unit transmission is reduced. The results of measurements of the power spectral density of noise radio emission with the following characteristics are obtained: the total error in reproducing the unit of the spectral power density of noise radio emission from 0.24 to 0.30 K; expanded uncertainty when transferring a unit of power spectral density of noise radio emission to secondary standards and working standards of the 1st category, from 0.4 to 0.8 K; the measurement error of the power spectral density of noise radio emission decreased by 1.5 times. A comparative analysis of uncertainties in the transfer of a unit of the power spectral density of noise radio emission from primary reference measures to secondary standards and working standards of the 1st category is carried out. The results of this work are applicable in the radio industry when measuring noise parameters. The sensitivity values of instruments and devices that depend on the level of noise electromagnetic oscillations, are controlled by measures of the power spectral density of noise radio emission – measuring noise generators.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>эталон</kwd><kwd>спектральная плотность мощности шумового радиоизлучения</kwd><kwd>эквивалентная шумовая температура</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>standard</kwd><kwd>spectral density of noise radiation power</kwd><kwd>equivalent noise temperature</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Адерихин В. И., Буренков Ю. А., Саргсян М. В., Уздин Р. И. Усовершенствование государственного первичного эталона единицы спектральной плотности мощности шумового радиоизлучения // Измерительная техника. 2012. № 12. С. 3–8.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Aderikhin V. 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