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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">izmertech</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Измерительная техника</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Izmeritel`naya Tekhnika</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">0368-1025</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2949-5237</issn><publisher><publisher-name>ФГУП "ВНИИФТРИ"</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.32446/0368-1025it.2022-7-8-12</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">izmertech-1601</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ГОСУДАРСТВЕННЫЕ ЭТАЛОНЫ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>STATE STANDARDS</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Государственный первичный специальный эталон единиц поглощённой дозы и мощности поглощённой дозы в тканеэквивалентном материале рентгеновского излучения с граничной энергией фотонов от 10 до 60 кэВ</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>National primary special standard of absorbed dose and adsorbed dose rate to tissue-equivalent material for X-rays with limiting photon energy from 10 to 60 keV GET 73-2022</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1543-9142</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Виллевальде</surname><given-names>А. Ю.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Villevalde</surname><given-names>A. Y.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Анна Юрьевна Виллевальде</p><p>Санкт-Петербург</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Anna Y. Villevalde</p><p>St. Petersburg </p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">vay@vniim.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9382-939X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Оборин</surname><given-names>А. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Oborin</surname><given-names>A. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Александр Вениаминович Оборин</p><p>Санкт-Петербург</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Alexandr V. Oborin</p><p>St. Petersburg</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">oav@vniim.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Всероссийский научно-исследовательский институт им. Д. И. Менделеева</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>D. I. Mendeleyev Institute for Metrology (VNIIM)</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2022</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>11</day><month>05</month><year>2023</year></pub-date><volume>0</volume><issue>7</issue><fpage>8</fpage><lpage>12</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; ФГУП "ВНИИФТРИ", 2023</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2023</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">ФГУП "ВНИИФТРИ"</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">ФГУП "ВНИИФТРИ"</copyright-holder><license xlink:href="https://www.izmt.ru/jour/about/submissions#copyrightNotice" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>https://www.izmt.ru/jour/about/submissions#copyrightNotice</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.izmt.ru/jour/article/view/1601">https://www.izmt.ru/jour/article/view/1601</self-uri><abstract><p>Представлены состав, физические принципы работы и метрологические характеристики государственного первичного специального эталона единиц поглощённой дозы и мощности поглощённой дозы в тканеэквивалентном материале (воде) рентгеновского излучения с граничной энергией фотонов от 10 до 60 кэВ ГЭТ 73-2022. Описаны функциональные возможности ГЭТ 73-2022, отвечающие актуальным потребностям лучевой терапии с использованием низкоэнергетического рентгеновского излучения, в том числе брахитерапии. Воспроизведение единиц поглощённой дозы и мощности поглощённой дозы в тканеэквивалентном материале (воде) реализовано ионизационным методом с помощью первичных измерительных преобразователей – эталонных экстраполяционных ионизационных камер: ЭК-Р для воспроизведения единиц в полях генерирующих источников низкоэнергетического рентгеновского излучения (рентгеновских трубок) и ЭК-И для работы с радионуклидными источниками, применяемыми в брахитерапии. Дозиметрические измерения с помощью ГЭТ 73-2022 удовлетворяют современным требованиям к точности и диапазону воспроизведения и передачи единиц.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Structure and physical principles of operation of the national primary special standard GET 73-2022 designed to reproduce and transfer units of absorbed dose and absorbed dose rate to tissue-equivalent material (water) for X-rays with limiting photon energy from 10 to 60 keV are given; its metrological characteristics are presented. Improved functionality of GET 73-2022 that meets current needs of radiation therapy using low-energy X-rays, including brachytherapy, is described. Absorbed dose and absorbed dose rate to tissue-equivalent material (water) in the standard are measured using ionization method by new primary measuring instruments – standard extrapolation ionization chambers: EK-R for measurements in low-energy X-ray fields of generating sources (X-ray tubes) and EK-I for measurements with brachytherapy radionuclide sources. Dosimetric measurements performed with the primary standard GET 73-2022 meet modern requirements for accuracy and range of units’ reproduction and transfer.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>эталон</kwd><kwd>рентгеновское излучение</kwd><kwd>поглощённая доза</kwd><kwd>тканеэквивалентный материал</kwd><kwd>калориметр</kwd><kwd>ионизационная камера</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>standard</kwd><kwd>X-rays</kwd><kwd>absorbed dose to tissue-equivalent material (water)</kwd><kwd>calorimeter</kwd><kwd>ionization chamber</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">International Atomic Energy Agency, Absorbed Dose Determination in External Beam Radiotherapy, Technical Reports Series, 2000, no. 398, IAEA, Vienna.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">International Atomic Energy Agency, Absorbed Dose Determination in External Beam Radiotherapy, Technical Reports Series, 2000, no. 398, IAEA, Vienna.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit2"><label>2</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Caswell R. et al., ICRU Report 72, Dosimetry of beta rays and low-energy photons for brachytherapy with sealed sources, Journal of the ICRU, 2004, vol. 4, no. 2, pp. 5–8. https://doi.org/10.1093/jicru_ndh020</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Caswell R. et al., ICRU Report 72, Dosimetry of beta rays and low-energy photons for brachytherapy with sealed sources, Journal of the ICRU, 2004, vol. 4, no. 2, pp. 5–8. https://doi.org/10.1093/jicru_ndh020</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit3"><label>3</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Schneider T., Phys. 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