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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">izmertech</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Измерительная техника</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Izmeritel`naya Tekhnika</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">0368-1025</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2949-5237</issn><publisher><publisher-name>ФГУП "ВНИИФТРИ"</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.32446/0368-1025it.2023-2-24-29</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">izmertech-1497</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ИЗМЕРЕНИЯ ВРЕМЕНИ И ЧАСТОТЫ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>TIME AND FREQUENCY MEASUREMENTS</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Высокоточное сравнение шкал времени по волоконно-оптическим линиям с использованием спутниковых модемов с дополнительной тоновой модуляцией</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>High-precision comparison of time scales over fiber optic lines using satellite modems with additional tone modulation</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9085-0353</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Наумов</surname><given-names>А. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Naumov</surname><given-names>A. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Андрей Владимирович Наумов</p><p>Менделеево</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Andrey V. Naumov</p><p>Mendeleevo, Moscow region</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">naumov@vniiftri.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7405-8609</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Балаев</surname><given-names>Р. И.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Balaev</surname><given-names>R. I.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Роман Игоревич Балаев</p><p>Менделеево</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Roman I. Balaev</p><p>Mendeleevo, Moscow region</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">balaev@vniiftri.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5680-556X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Малимон</surname><given-names>А. Н.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Malimon</surname><given-names>A. N.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Александр Никифорович Малимон</p><p>Менделеево</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Alexander N. Malimon</p><p>Mendeleevo, Moscow region</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">amalimon@vniiftri.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2125-7019</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Кобяков</surname><given-names>Р. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kobyakov</surname><given-names>R. S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Роман Сергеевич Кобяков</p><p>Н. Новгород</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Roman S. Kobyakov</p><p>Nizhny Novgorod</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">kobyakov.r@vremya-ch.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4557-5276</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Жеглов</surname><given-names>А. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Zheglov</surname><given-names>A. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Александр Викторович Жеглов</p><p>Н. Новгород</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Alexander V. Zheglov</p><p>Nizhny Novgorod</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">zheglov@vremya-ch.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Всероссийский научно-исследовательский институт физико-технических и радиотехнических измерений</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Russian Metrological Institute of Technical Physics and Radio Engineering Measurements</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>АО «Время-Ч»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>JSC “Vremya-CH”</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2023</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>20</day><month>03</month><year>2023</year></pub-date><volume>0</volume><issue>2</issue><fpage>24</fpage><lpage>29</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; ФГУП "ВНИИФТРИ", 2023</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2023</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">ФГУП "ВНИИФТРИ"</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">ФГУП "ВНИИФТРИ"</copyright-holder><license xlink:href="https://www.izmt.ru/jour/about/submissions#copyrightNotice" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>https://www.izmt.ru/jour/about/submissions#copyrightNotice</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.izmt.ru/jour/article/view/1497">https://www.izmt.ru/jour/article/view/1497</self-uri><abstract><p>Рассмотрено применение нового типа модемов с псевдошумовым кодированием и дополнительной тоновой модуляцией, разработанных для сравнения эталонных шкал времени по спутниковым каналам связи. Проведены экспериментальные исследования сравнения шкал времени водородных хранителей из состава Государственного первичного эталона единиц времени, частоты и национальной шкалы времени ГЭТ 1-2022 по оптическому каналу связи с использованием рассматриваемых модемов. В качестве канала связи применяли волоконно-оптические линии разной длины, по которым осуществлялась двухсторонняя передача сигналов. Выходные радиочастотные сигналы модемов с помощью оптических трансмиттеров, подключённых к концам волоконных линий, встречно передавались на оптической несущей частоте с длиной волны 1,55 мкм. Демодуляция оптических сигналов в радиочастотный диапазон происходила на концах волоконных линий оптическими ресиверами. Приведены результаты экспериментальной оценки неопределённости типа А при сравнении шкал времени по волоконно-оптическим линиям длиной 50; 100; 200 км. На линии длиной 200 км неопределённость измерений по типу А при сравнении шкал времени не превышает 3 пс в суточном интервале измерений. Экспериментально показано, что реализация метода сравнений шкал времени с модемами с псевдошумовым кодированием и дополнительной тоновой модуляцией возможна по волоконно-оптической линии длиной 200 км без промежуточных оптических усилителей. Это открывает перспективу создания каскадированных систем сравнений шкал времени удалённых эталонов по волоконно-оптическим линиям связи с меньшим количеством промежуточных оптических усилителей.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The use of a new type of modems with pseudonoise coding and additional tone modulation designed to compare reference time scales over telecommunication geostationary satellites is considered. Experimental studies were carried out on the possibility of comparing time scales of hydrogen keepers from the State primary standard of unit of time, frequency and national time scale using these modems via an optical link. A fiber-optical lines of various lengths were used for a two-way signal transmission. The output radio-frequency signals of the modems connected to the optical transmitters at the ends of the fiber-optical lines were transmitted towards each other on an optical carrier with a wavelength of 1.55 μm. Demodulation of optical signals into the radio frequency range was carried out using optical receivers at the ends of fiber lines. The results of experimental evaluation of type A uncertainty by comparing time scales using fiber-optical lines with 50, 100, and 200 km of length are presented. For the 200 km line, the type A measurement uncertainty does not exceed 3 ps for one day of averaging interval. For the first time, it has been experimentally shown that the implementation of the method of time scales comparison using modems with pseudo-noise coding and additional tone modulation over 200 km of fiber line is possible without the intermediate optical amplifiers. The result opens up the prospect of creating cascaded systems for comparing time scales of remote standards via fiber-optic communication lines with a smaller number of intermediate optical amplifiers.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>передача эталонных сигналов</kwd><kwd>сигналы времени и частоты</kwd><kwd>модем</kwd><kwd>псевдошумовое кодирование</kwd><kwd>дополнительная тоновая модуляция</kwd><kwd>волоконно-оптическая линия связи</kwd><kwd>метод</kwd><kwd>сравнение шкал времени</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>transmission of reference signals</kwd><kwd>time and frequency signals</kwd><kwd>modem</kwd><kwd>pseudo-noise coding</kwd><kwd>additional tone modulation</kwd><kwd>fiber-optic communication line</kwd><kwd>method</kwd><kwd>comparison of time scales</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Сутырин Д. В., Грибов А. 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